Morphometry of Glenoid Cavity

Objectives: Knowledge of the shape and dimensions of the glenoid are important in the design and fitting of glenoid components for total shoulder arthroplasty. An understanding of variations in normal anatomy of the glenoid is essential while evaluating pathological conditions like osseous Bankart lesions and osteochondral defects. Methods: This study was done on 202 dry, unpaired adult human scapulae of unknown sex belonging to the south Indian population. Three glenoid diameters were measured, the superior-inferior diameter, anterior-posterior diameter of the lower half and the anterior-posterior diameter of the upper half of the glenoid. Based on a notch present on the anterior glenoid rim, variations in the shape of the glenoid cavity were classified as inverted comma shaped, pear shaped and oval. Results: The average superior-inferior diameter on right and the left sides were 33.67±2.82mm and 33.92±2.87mm respectively. The average anterior-posterior diameter of the lower half of the right glenoid was 23.35±2.04mm and that of the left was 23.02±2.30mm. The mean diameter of the upper half of the right glenoid was 16.27±2.01mm and that of the left was 15.77±1.96mm. Conclusion: The dimensions of the glenoid observed in the present study were lesser than those recorded in the studies done on other populations. This fact may be taken into consideration while designing glenoid prostheses for the south Indian population. The current study recorded a higher percentage of glenoid cavities having the glenoid notch as compared to earlier studies. While evaluating defects/lesions of the glenoid, this fact could be useful

ISAR Image Classification with Wavelet and Watershed Transforms

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar images are playing a significant role in classification of sea and air targets. First we acquire the ISAR images of targets using a sensor like radar and extract the characteristics of targets from the ISAR images in the form of feature vectors. The computed feature vectors are used for classification of targets. In this work, widely used and efficient segmentation tool Watershed transform and the multi resolution technique wavelet transform are explored to derive the target features. An artificial neural network based classifier is used for classification. The Wavelet analysis divides the information of an image into approximation and detail sub signals. The approximate and three detail sub signal values are taken as feature vectors and given as input to the classifier for ship ISAR image classification. The widely used segmentation technique, Watershed transform is applied to the ISAR images. The wavelet coefficients are computed for the segmented ISAR images and used as feature vectors for classification of the ISAR images. Also, the statistical moments mean and standard deviation are computed for the color ISAR images itself, taken in RGB format. These statistical color moments are used as feature vector.  The classification accuracy is compared for the feature vectors

A retrospective study: twin gestation at tertiary care, maternal and fetal outcome

Background: The objective of our study was to study the maternal and neonatal outcome in twin gestation in a tertiary care center.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 197 twin pregnancies admitted and managed at M S Ramaiah medical college. Parameters in the mother and fetus were studied for any adverse antenatal complications, mode of delivery.Results: Prim gravid patients with twin pregnancy constituted (45.6%). 4.5% of patients had an IVF conception. 45.1% patients were unbooked to our institute, 82% of the unbooked patients presented with preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membrane. PIH was noted in 32.9% of the patients, premature rupture of membranes (32.9%), Intra- Uterine Death of one fetus (6.09%) and intra uterine growth retardation (2.03%) was the antenatal complications observed. Out of the 197 patients 63 (31.97%) delivered by vaginal route whereas 134 (68.02%) had to undergo cesarean section. Section for the second twin was done in 4(2.03%). The 197 women of twin pregnancy gave birth to 378 live-born babies, 16(9.5%) stillborn and 32 (16.2%) died by the end of seven days due to complications related to prematurity: hyaline membrane disease, hyperbilirubinemia.Conclusions: Early active intervention in twin gestation can reduce the maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity

Vegetative propagation of Eucalyptus species through polyglobule

Macro-propagation of Eucalypyus species is possible on large scale through relatively cheaper technique with polyglobule than automatic and low cost chambers. Further it also gives an added advantage in controlling diseases and their spread as it is confined to the specific polyglobule. The spread of the humidity and temperature in the polyglobule are uniform unlike other large mist chambers

Study of drug utilization pattern in emergency medicine ward at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: The emergency department represents an important platform for conducting drug utilization studies as patients present with a wide spectrum of diseases in acute form. An irrational prescription adversely affects the prognosis and recovery of patients. Hence, the objective of our study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern and to determine the rationality of prescription using WHO prescribing indicators in emergency medicine ward.Methods: After obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee approval, a prospective observational study was conducted over 2 months. The case records of 150 patients admitted to the emergency medicine ward, with a hospital stay of more than 24hrs were reviewed to analyze the prescription pattern during the initial 48hrs of admission. Case records of patients irrespective of age, sex and diagnosis were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results (SPSS version 20).Results: A total of 1014 drugs were prescribed from 150 case records with a mean age of 47±18 years. An average of 6.76 drugs was prescribed per prescription; percentage of encounters with at least an antimicrobial was 115 (76.66%). Injections were prescribed in all patients (100%) and only 416 (41.02%) drugs were prescribed by generic name and 657 (64.79%) drugs abided to the WHO essential drug list. Majority of patients received anti-ulcerogenic drugs followed by antimicrobials.Conclusions: There was a tendency of polypharmacy with overuse of PPIs and antimicrobials. There is need to rationalize the drug therapy in terms of increasing prescription of drugs from essential drug list by generic name

Maternal and fetal outcome of febrile morbidity in pregnancy at tertiary care level

Background: Fever in pregnancy is a common clinical problem worldwide. Effects of hyperthermia depends on the extent and duration of temperature elevation, timing of exposure in pregnancy and possibly on maternal nutritional status, comorbidities, medications, socio-economic background and several other factors. The exposure of maternal temperature has been reported to lead to cell disruptions, vascular disturbance and placental infarction which can lead to the risk of structural and functional defects in progeny. The underlying maternal cytokine polymorphism is strongly associated with both intrapartum fever and neonatal outcome. Hence there is a need to detect the various life-threatening medical complications of febrile morbidity leading to severe maternal morbidity and its impact on fetal outcome. Aim of study were to study the etiology of fever in pregnancy during the study period and to know the effect of fever on both the mother and the fetus. Methods: A prospective observational study. Results: Out of the 60 cases of fever in pregnancy, most common cause of fever was urinary tract infection (30%), followed by dengue fever (25%) and upper respiratory tract infection (23.3%). Fever was associated with complications as such PROM, PPROM, preterm labour, PPH, thrombocytopenia, anemia and abortions. Fetal outcome were preterm birth (25%), low birth weight (36%), neonatal sepsis (20%) and perinatal death (13.8%). Conclusions: Febrile morbidity in pregnancy leads to numerous maternal and fetal complications can occur due to fever in pregnancy from various causes. The most common cause of fever was UTI followed by dengue fever. The maternal and fetal complications can be avoidable if the cause for the fever is diagnosed and treated early

Physico-chemical Analysis of Tangashree Ghrita

Quality of the drug is basic need of the era, Analytical tests are helpful to overcome the impurity or substandard of drugs. By following these tests we can ensure the qualities of drugs and promise the good result in treating the disease. Materials and methods: Physico‐chemical studies like Refractive index, Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value and moisture content were carried out as per the WHO guidelines, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia and Indian Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: Standardization tests done on Tangashri Ghrita are useful in authentication and ensuring the quality of the same