On the probability distribution function of small scale interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations

In spite of a large number of papers dedicated to study MHD turbulence in the solar wind there are still some simple questions which have never been sufficiently addressed like: a)do we really know how the magnetic field vector orientation fluctuates in space? b) what is the statistics followed by the orientation of the vector itself? c) does the statistics change as the wind expands into the interplanetary space? A better understanding of these points can help us to better characterize the nature of interplanetary fluctuations and can provide useful hints to investigators who try to numerically simulate MHD turbulence. This work follows a recent paper presented by the same authors. This work follows a recent paper presented by some of the authors which shows that these fluctuations might resemble a sort of random walk governed by a Truncated Leevy Flight statistics. However, the limited statistics used in that paper did not allow final conclusions but only speculative hypotheses. In this work we aim to address the same problem using a more robust statistics which on one hand forces us not to consider velocity fluctuations but, on the other hand allows us to establish the nature of the governing statistics of magnetic fluctuations with more confidence. In addition, we show how features similar to those found in the present statistical analysis for the fast speed streams of solar wind, are qualitatively recovered in numerical simulations of the parametric instability. This might offer an alternative viewpoint for interpreting the questions raised above.Comment: 25pag, 20 jpg small size figures. In press on "ANnales Geophysicae" (September 2004

Pengaruh Tindakan Penghisapan Lendir Endotrakeal Tube (Ett) Terhadap Kadar Saturasi Oksigen Pada Pasien Yang Dirawat Di Ruang Icu Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: Success of the treatment in patients with respiratory failure isn\u27t only depends of early detection, but also understanding the cause of the mechanism. One of the conditions that can lead to respiratory failure is obstruction of the airway, including obstruction of the endotracheal tube (ETT). An easy way to know of hypoxemia by monitoring of the oxygen saturation levels (SpO2). This study aims to determine the effect of Endotracheal Tube (ETT ) slime suction action against Oxygen Saturation Levels In Patients treated at ICU department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This research uses a method of pre experiments using research design One - Group Pretest - Posttest Design. The samples done by purposive sampling, with a total sample of 16 people. Data analysis was performed using t - test with 95% confidence interval and the value of α = 0.05. The results obtained from this study showed a difference in oxygen saturation levels before and after the slime suction action where there is a difference in value of the oxygen saturation level of 5.174 % and p-value = 0.000 (α < 0.05). The conclusion, there is the influence of the ETT slime suction action of the oxygen saturation levels. Suggestions, for health personnel in order to ETT slime suction action done with the standard, For Health Institutions need for supervision of nursing personnel in doing the implementation with the standards and need an inhouse and exhouse training for the nurses to hone skills and update the new health sciences

Microstructure and tribological properties of tin bronze-graphite composites made by stir casting

The paper presents results of the studies into production of copper-based composite materials for slide bearings. The studied materials covered tin bronze based composites with addition of lubricating phases in a form of graphite. The composite materials were prepared by melting and casting with simultaneous stirring. The titanium was introduced to the metal matrix in order to improve wettability of the graphite particles. The lowest average value of the coefficient of friction was reached with the CuSn10/graphite 45 μm composite which contained 0,4 % Ti. Low coefficients of friction and wear of the friction pair were also reached with other examined composites in CuSn10 matrix

Composite Materials Infiltrated by Aluminium Alloys Based on Porous Skeletons from Alumina, Mullite and Titanium Produced by Powder Metallurgy Techniques

The infiltration technology with reinforcement in the form of porous skeletons fabricated with powder metallurgy methods has been presented in relation to the general characteristics of metal alloy matrix composite materials. The results of our own investigations are presented pertaining to four alternative technologies of fabrication of porous, sintered skeletons, and their structure and their key technological properties are presented. Porous skeletons made of Al2O3 aluminium are sintered reactively using blowing agents or are manufactured by ceramic injection moulding (CIM) from powder. Porous skeletons made of 3Al2O3⋅2SiO2 mullite are achieved by sintering a mixture of halloysite nanotubes together with agents forming an open structure of pores. Titanium porous skeletons are achieved by selective laser sintering (SLS). The structure and properties of composite materials with an aluminium alloy matrix—mainly EN AC-AlSi12 and also EN AC-AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys—reinforced with the so manufactured skeletons are also described. A unique structure of the achieved composite materials, together with good mechanical properties and abrasive wear resistance at low density, ensured by an aluminium alloy matrix, are indicating broad application possibilities of such composites

Central extension of the reflection equations and an analog of Miki's formula

Two different types of centrally extended quantum reflection algebras are introduced. Realizations in terms of the elements of the central extension of the Yang-Baxter algebra are exhibited. A coaction map is identified. For the special case of $U_q(\hat{sl_2})$, a realization in terms of elements satisfying the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra - a `boundary' analog of Miki's formula - is also proposed, providing a free field realization of $O_q(\hat{sl_2})$ (q-Onsager) currents.Comment: 11 pages; two references added; to appear in J. Phys.

Solar Wind Turbulence and the Role of Ion Instabilities

International audienc

EUPRON: nurses’ practice in interprofessional pharmaceutical care in Europe. A cross-sectional survey in 17 countries

Abstract Objectives Safe pharmaceutical care (PC) requires an interprofessional team approach, involving physicians, nurses and pharmacists. Nurses’ roles however, are not always explicit and clear, complicating interprofessional collaboration. The aim of this study is to describe nurses’ practice and interprofessional collaboration in PC, from the viewpoint of nurses, physicians and pharmacists. Design A cross-sectional survey. Setting The study was conducted in 17 European countries, each with their own health systems. Participants Pharmacists, physicians and nurses with an active role in PC were surveyed. Main outcome measures Nurses’ involvement in PC, experiences of interprofessional collaboration and communication and views on nurses’ competences. Results A total of 4888 nurses, 974 physicians and 857 pharmacists from 17 European countries responded. Providing patient education and information (PEI), monitoring medicines adherence (MMA), monitoring adverse/therapeutic effects (ME) and prescribing medicines were considered integral to nursing practice by 78%, 73%, 69% and 15% of nurses, respectively. Most respondents were convinced that quality of PC would be improved by increasing nurses’ involvement in ME (95%), MMA (95%), PEI (91%) and prescribing (53%). Mean scores for the reported quality of collaboration between nurses and physicians, collaboration between nurses and pharmacists and interprofessional communication were respectively <7/10, ≤4/10, <6/10 for all four aspects of PC. Conclusions ME, MMA, PEI and prescribing are part of nurses’ activities, and most healthcare professionals felt their involvement should be extended. Collaboration between nurses and physicians on PC is limited and between nurses and pharmacists even more