DTB 038 The Morris Family 7-4-2022

In this interview, the Morris family is interviewed by Kern Jackson, Philip Carr, Rachel Hines, and Latresha Maddix at their family reunion at the James Seals Jr. Park and Community Center in Mobile, Alabama. The Morris family begins by talking about their family history Down the Bay, and some of the people and places in the neighborhood that figure significantly in their memory. One particular such individual is Williamson High School principal Lemuel Keeby. Additional family members make occasional appearances in the interview as they move between rooms at the reunion

Early warning of complex climate risk with integrated artificial intelligence

As climate change accelerates, human societies face growing exposure to disasters and stress, highlighting the urgent need for effective early warning systems (EWS). These systems monitor, assess, and communicate risks to support resilience and sustainable development, but challenges remain in hazard forecasting, risk communication, and decision-making. This perspective explores the transformative potential of integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI) modeling. We highlight the role of AI in developing multi-hazard EWSs that integrate Meteorological and Geospatial foundation models (FMs) for impact prediction. A user-centric approach with intuitive interfaces and community feedback is emphasized to improve crisis management. To address climate risk complexity, we advocate for causal AI models to avoid spurious predictions and stress the need for responsible AI practices. We highlight the FATES (Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, Ethics, and Sustainability) principles as essential for equitable and trustworthy AI-based Early Warning Systems for all. We further advocate for decadal EWSs, leveraging climate ensembles and generative methods to enable long-term, spatially resolved forecasts for proactive climate adaptation

Rifabutin: A Review with Emphasis on its Role in the Prevention of Disseminated <i>Mycobacterium Avium</i> Complex Infection

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mechanism of action, in vitro and in vivo activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines of rifabutin. DATA SOURCES: Pertinent literature published between 1982 and 1993 was identified via a MEDLINE search. Published proceedings of selected conferences were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Selected basic science, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic articles were evaluated. Because only limited data regarding rifabutin were available in the literature, all clinical trials involving the use of rifabutin in the prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in AIDS patients were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Rifabutin is a rifamycin derivative that was approved recently for the prevention of disseminated MAC disease in patients with advanced HIV infection. The drug has in vitro and in vivo activity against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and mycobacteria. Two prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials demonstrated that rifabutin decreased the progression to MAC bacteremia in AIDS patients by about 50 percent. Adverse effects that resulted in the discontinuation of rifabutin prophylaxis occurred in 16 percent of patients. Rifabutin induces hepatic enzymes to a lesser extent than does rifampin, but dosage adjustment of drugs that are known to interact with rifampin may be required. CONCLUSIONS: Rifabutin is the only drug shown to be effective in the prevention of MAC bacteremia in AIDS patients; therefore, it should be made available as a formulary agent. It may be reasonable to delay initiation of rifabutin prophylaxis until CD4 lymphocyte counts are less than 75–50/mm3. </jats:sec

Estrogenic effects in chub (Leuciscus cephalus): induction of vitellogenin and alterations in testicular structure

Laboratory and field studies were carried out in order to develop and validate biological methods to detect and quantify estrogenic effects in a common cyprinid freshwater fish, the chub (Leuciscus cephalus). In the laboratory the effects of 17beta estradiol were investigated on Vitellogenin (Vtg) induction and on testis organisation. Vtg was quantified by immunodetection using an established ELISA for carp (Cyprinus carpio) Vtg. Estradiol exposure resulted in a significant and rapid increase in plasma Vtg in both male and female chub, indicating that vitellogenic response in the chub is sensitive to estrogen(s). Histological examination of the testis in males exposed to estradiol also showed effects on the testis. Preliminary field studies on wild chub have confirmed that fish living in polluted rivers had elevated concentrations of plasma Vtg and had some alterations in the testis compared with wild fish from reference sites. Together the laboratory and field studies confirm the suitability of chub for monitoring biological effects of environmental estrogens in the aquatic environment.La faisabilité de la mesure de vitellogénine et de l'interprétation des coupes histologiques de gonades mâles a été étudiée sur le chevaine (Leuciscus cephalus). Au laboratoire, l'exposition de chevaines adultes à l'oestradiol entraîne une très forte induction de vitellogénine ainsi que des effets significatifs en terme d'altération des gonades mâles (nécroses, désorganisation de la structure tubulaire, prolifération des cellules de Sertoli). Ces premiers résultats ont été suivis par une phase d'expérimentation de terrain sur cette espèce à grande échelle . Ces mesures ont mis en évidence des inductions modérées mais significatives chez les chevaines prélevés à l'aval de Paris ou de Lyon. Il apparaît d'ores et déjà une variabilité dans les proportions relatives de cellules spermatiques et cellules de Sertoli chez les chevaines ; cette variabilité semble liée d'une part à la station et d'autre part à la date d'échantillonnage . Des expériences complémentaires sont nécessaires afin de vérifier ces hypothèses

Effets oestrogéniques chez des cyprinidés

Laboratory and field studies were carried out in order to develop and validate biological methods to detect and quantify estrogenic effects on fish. Experiments were conducted on cyprinid species : chub (Leuciscus cephalus), gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Vitellogenin (Vtg) induction was quantified by immunodetection method (ELISA) using anti-carp antibody (Brunel University) and purified carp, gudgeon and chub Vtg proteins. In parallel, histological studies on male gonads were also performed on the three species. Preliminary field studies have been carried out on the chub and will be complemented in the near future with other field samplings. In the laboratory, experiments are being performed in zebrafish to investigate effects of exposure to estrogens on Vtg induction, gonad development and reproductive performance (egg number).Des études de terrain et de laboratoire ont été effectuées sur le chevaine et le poisson zèbre. Des mesures de vitellogénine (ELISA) et d'altérations histologiques des gonades mâles ont été réalisées