Next Generation Middleware Technology for Mobile Computing

Current advances in portable devices, wireless technologies, and distributed systems have created a mobile computing environment that is characterized by a large scale of dynamism. Diversities in network connectivity, platform capability, and resource availability can significantly affect the application performance. Traditional middleware systems are not prepared to offer proper support for addressing the dynamic aspects of mobile systems. Modern distributed applications need a middleware that is capable of adapting to environment changes and that supports the required level of quality of service. This paper represents the experience of several research projects related to next generation middleware systems. We first indicate the major challenges in mobile computing systems and try to identify the main requirements for mobile middleware systems. The different categories of mobile middleware technologies are reviewed and their strength and weakness are analyzed

“A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND PATIENT EXPERIENCES WITH IN HOSPITALSOF MADHYA PRADESH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JABALPUR DISTRICT”

<p>Employees' satisfaction is very important aspect of any organization to achieve<br>the goals and to become the best service provider organization. This Satisfaction can<br>observe through employees' discipline & management, behavior and qualification &<br>experience within the organization. If they will satisfy with organization then they can<br>give their level best to perform the tasks otherwise they will feel only stress at the time of<br>work, and which will affect the patients' services. In this analysis we had collected<br>feedbacks by patients to assess the employees satisfaction because in this era monetary is<br>most common factor for any individual that can affect the other points of questionnaire<br>that's why here we have collected feedbacks by patient experiences for getting the better<br>results. Most of the cases where significance of parameter was observed significant at<br>5% level of significance. In some cases it was observed insignificance. In most of the<br>cases null hypothesis framed at beginning was thus refuted & alternative hypothesis<br>have accepted. However the reason for some insignificance results may be attribute to<br>negligence of behavior, responsibility of hospital staff assessed by patients & their<br>families. While at the time of admission they should ask for that. This is the part of<br>hospital responsibility that they should explain to every admitted patient about patient's<br>right & responsibility and employee information those who are providing services to the<br>patients, where they are from government, private or trust hospitals.<br>Thus if changes are incorporate through the improvement in the status result<br>may turn up to be highly satisfied.<br>Thus on the basis of above discussion, it is recommended that emergent need to<br>bring the changes in patients & their family awareness towards employees'<br>responsibilities and proper information of health care provider & It is also recommended<br>that government should make strict rules for employee's rights in all type of hospitals.<br>This study found that there is need of more improvement in government and<br>trust hospitals quality but in some areas of private hospitals also required improvement.<br>So that desired outcomes may be obtain.</p> <p> </p

Effect of grain refinement on wear properties of Al and Al-7Si alloy

The effect of grain size of Al and dendritic arm spacing (DAS) of α -Al in Al-7Si alloy on wear behaviour of Al and Al-7Si alloy were investigated in the present study. The results show that the wear rate decreases with the decrease in the grain size and DAS of Al and Al-7Si alloy, respectively, at a load of 50 N, sliding distance of 1800 m and sliding velocity of 1 m s<SUP>-1</SUP> under dry sliding condition. Al-7Si alloy was grain refined using various grain refiners such as Al-1Ti-3B, Al-3Ti and Al-3B while Al was grain refined with Al-5Ti-1B. The results suggest that the wear properties are not dependent on the type of grain refiner used, but depend on the grain size/DAS of the metal/alloy and the presence of second phase (eutectic Si in Al-Si alloy). Effect of fading of grain refiner on wear rate was also clearly observed

Rhizobial lipochitooligosaccharide nodulation factors activate expression of the legume early nodulin gene ENOD12 in rice

Lipochitooligosaccharide nodulation factors (Nod factors) produced by rhizobia are a major host range determinant. These factors play a pivotal role in the molecular signal exchange, infection and induction of symbiotic developmental responses in legumes leading to the formation of a nodule in which rhizobia carry out N2 fixation. Determining whether rice (Oryza sativa) can respond to Nod factors could lead to strategies that would make rice amenable to develop a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiotic association with rhizobia. We introduced into rice the promoter of the infection-related geneMtENOD12 (from Medicago truncatula) fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to serve as a molecular marker to aid in the detection of Nod factor signal perception by rice cells. Treatment of the transgenic rice roots with Nod factors (10–6–10–9m) under nitrogen-limiting conditions induced MtENOD12-GUS expression in cortical parenchyma, endodermis and pericycle. In contrast, chitooligosaccharide backbone alone failed to elicit such a response in the root tissues. These findings demonstrate that rice roots perceive Nod factors and that these lipochitooligosaccharides, but not simple chitin oligomers, act as signal molecules in activating MtENOD12 in cortical parenchyma as in legumes. Exogenous application ofN-naphthaleneacetic acid mimicked the Nod factor-elicited tissue-specific expression of MtENOD12 in roots while cytokinins inhibited it, thus evidencing that Nod factors, auxin and cytokinins probably act on similar signaling elements responsible for the regulation of MtENOD12 activation in rice. Taken together, these results suggest that at least a portion of the signal transduction machinery important for legume nodulation is likely to exist in rice