9,512 research outputs found
Estimates of flavoured scalar production in B - decays
Estimates are presented for the branching ratios of several two-particle
B-meson decays into flavoured scalar mesons.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, no figures; small improvement
Equivariant Symplectic Geometry of Gauge Fixing in Yang-Mills Theory
The Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing in Yang-Mills theory is interpreted as
equivariant localization. It is shown that the Faddeev-Popov procedure amounts
to a construction of a symplectic manifold with a Hamiltonian group action. The
BRST cohomology is shown to be equivalent to the equivariant cohomology based
on this symplectic manifold with Hamiltonian group action. The ghost operator
is interpreted as a (pre)symplectic form and the gauge condition as the moment
map corresponding to the Hamiltonian group action. This results in the
identification of the gauge fixing action as a closed equivariant form, the sum
of an equivariant symplectic form and a certain closed equivariant 4-form which
ensures convergence. An almost complex structure compatible with the symplectic
form is constructed. The equivariant localization principle is used to localize
the path integrals onto the gauge slice. The Gribov problem is also discussed
in the context of equivariant localization principle. As a simple illustration
of the methods developed in the paper, the partition function of N=2
supersymmetric quantum mechanics is calculated by equivariant localizationComment: 46 pages, added remarks, typos and references correcte
Biological research of Grabia River - fifty years of activity
Grabia, a small still close to natural conditions lowland river, has been an object of special interest for Łódź hydrobiologists for more than 50 years. Over 100 scientific papers
and over 100 master theses were produced in the Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection University of Łódź. The initiator was Prof.L.K. Pawłowski who spent many
years conducting research into the river. The ground and the first research objective was to
recognize the fauna diversity. The checklist encompass almost 1000 invertebrate and 24 fish
species. Taxonomy, biology and ecology of various taxa have made for many decades an
essential trend of scientific activity. Special attention was dedicated to rotifers, leeches,
branchiobdellids, snails and bivalves, gammarids and copepods as well as aquatic insects, fish
and also diatoms. Some aspects of zoobenthos and Zooplankton communities ecology was the
subject of 13 Ph.D.theses. The river with its rich animal and plant communities was also
the subject of dynamics of river ecosystem research. The study on the structure of invertebrate
assemblages on the background of habitat diversity has been recently conducted. The model may be treealed as a reference to the restoration of Europaean rivers and their valleys.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Charmless B decays into three charged track final states
Using a data sample of 10.5 1/fb collected by the Belle detector, three-body
charmless decays B+ --> K+h+h- have been studied. The following branching
fractions have been obtained: Br(B+ --> K+pi-pi+) = (64.8+-10.0+-7.0) x 10**-6
and Br(B+ --> K+K-K+) = (36.5+-6.1+-5.5) x 10**-6. The upper limits for other
combinations of charged kaons and pions have been placed. Analysis of the
intermediate two-body states gives evidence for production of scalar resonances
in charmless B decays.Comment: 4 pages, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on B Physics
& CP Violation, Ise-Shima, Japan, February 19 - 23, 200
Random matrices: Universal properties of eigenvectors
The four moment theorem asserts, roughly speaking, that the joint
distribution of a small number of eigenvalues of a Wigner random matrix (when
measured at the scale of the mean eigenvalue spacing) depends only on the first
four moments of the entries of the matrix. In this paper, we extend the four
moment theorem to also cover the coefficients of the \emph{eigenvectors} of a
Wigner random matrix. A similar result (with different hypotheses) has been
proved recently by Knowles and Yin, using a different method.
As an application, we prove some central limit theorems for these
eigenvectors. In another application, we prove a universality result for the
resolvent, up to the real axis. This implies universality of the inverse
matrix.Comment: 25 pages, no figures, to appear, Random Matrices: Theory and
applications. This is the final version, incorporating the referee's
suggestion
The Lattice structure of Chip Firing Games and Related Models
In this paper, we study a famous discrete dynamical system, the Chip Firing
Game, used as a model in physics, economics and computer science. We use order
theory and show that the set of reachable states (i.e. the configuration space)
of such a system started in any configuration is a lattice, which implies
strong structural properties. The lattice structure of the configuration space
of a dynamical system is of great interest since it implies convergence (and
more) if the configuration space is finite. If it is infinite, this property
implies another kind of convergence: all the configurations reachable from two
given configurations are reachable from their infimum. In other words, there is
a unique first configuration which is reachable from two given configurations.
Moreover, the Chip Firing Game is a very general model, and we show how known
models can be encoded as Chip Firing Games, and how some results about them can
be deduced from this paper. Finally, we define a new model, which is a
generalization of the Chip Firing Game, and about which many interesting
questions arise.Comment: See http://www.liafa.jussieu.fr/~latap
Algorithmic Complexity of Power Law Networks
It was experimentally observed that the majority of real-world networks
follow power law degree distribution. The aim of this paper is to study the
algorithmic complexity of such "typical" networks. The contribution of this
work is twofold.
First, we define a deterministic condition for checking whether a graph has a
power law degree distribution and experimentally validate it on real-world
networks. This definition allows us to derive interesting properties of power
law networks. We observe that for exponents of the degree distribution in the
range such networks exhibit double power law phenomenon that was
observed for several real-world networks. Our observation indicates that this
phenomenon could be explained by just pure graph theoretical properties.
The second aim of our work is to give a novel theoretical explanation why
many algorithms run faster on real-world data than what is predicted by
algorithmic worst-case analysis. We show how to exploit the power law degree
distribution to design faster algorithms for a number of classical P-time
problems including transitive closure, maximum matching, determinant, PageRank
and matrix inverse. Moreover, we deal with the problems of counting triangles
and finding maximum clique. Previously, it has been only shown that these
problems can be solved very efficiently on power law graphs when these graphs
are random, e.g., drawn at random from some distribution. However, it is
unclear how to relate such a theoretical analysis to real-world graphs, which
are fixed. Instead of that, we show that the randomness assumption can be
replaced with a simple condition on the degrees of adjacent vertices, which can
be used to obtain similar results. As a result, in some range of power law
exponents, we are able to solve the maximum clique problem in polynomial time,
although in general power law networks the problem is NP-complete
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