Efectos de los procesos de ahumado sobre el valor nutricional y la composición de ácidos grasos de la lucioperca (Sander lucioperca)

This study aimed to estimate the nutritional quality of Sander lucioperca fillets and alterations in lipid quality following hot and cold smoking processes. Our results revealed that the total fat content of zander fillets was 1.86 g/100g. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were higher than saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in fresh tissue samples. Arachidonic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were the most abundant PUFAs. Differences in the fatty acid compositions of the smoked and fresh fillet were significant, with a decrease in (PUFAs) in the proportion of total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile of the neutral lipids was unchanged after the cold smoking process, whereas PUFAs decreased significantly during both smoking processes, especially the hot smoking process. Our findings showed a partial alteration of polar lipids. Both smoking treatments produced lipoperoxidation and lipid oxidation in the fillets. Other investigational smoking conditions should be tested to reduce such oxidation and hydrolysis in fillets, which could be susceptible to off-flavors and off-odors.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la calidad nutricional de los filetes de lucioperca y las alteraciones en la calidad de los lípidos tras el proceso de ahumado en caliente y en frío. Nuestros resultados revelaron que el contenido total de grasa de los filetes de lucioperca fue de 1.86 g/100 g. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) fueron más altos que los ácidos grasos saturados y monoinsaturados en muestras de tejido fresco. Los ácidos grasos araquidónico, docosahexaenoico y eicosapentaenoico fueron los PUFA más abundantes. Las diferencias en la composición de ácidos grasos del filete ahumado y fresco fueron significativas, con una disminución de la proporción (PUFA) en los ácidos grasos totales. El perfil de ácidos grasos de los lípidos neutros se mantuvo sin cambios en el proceso de ahumado en frío, mientras que los PUFA disminuyeron significativamente durante ambos procesos de ahumado, especialmente en el proceso de ahumado en caliente. Nuestros resultados mostraron una alteración parcial de los lípidos polares. Ambos tratamientos de ahumado indicaron lipo-peroxidación y oxidación de lípidos en los filetes. Otras condiciones de ahumado se deben probar en investigación para reducir dicha oxidación e hidrólisis en los filetes, que podrían ser responsables de sabores y olores desagradables

Adjustment of the lactation curve of Holstein cows according to Wood's model

Les deux objectifs de cette étude ont été d’ajuster les courbes de lactation des vaches Holstein en Tunisie et d’étudier les facteurs de variations des paramètres de ces dernières. L’ajustement a été réalisé selon le modèle de Wood pour les 9 premières lactations. Les données proviennent de 190 905 contrôles journaliers de la quantité de lait, de la matière grasse (MG) et de la matière protéique (MP), collectés entre 1995 et 2011 et répartis sur 10 troupeaux issus de 4 différents secteurs de production. La fonction de Wood a servi pour modéliser les courbes de lactations par la régression non linéaire. Les paramètres de la courbe de lactation «a», MG et MP les plus élevées ont été enregistrés à la 3ème, 4èmeet 5ème lactation, contrairement au paramètre «b». Le paramètre «c» et la persistance la plus élevée de la courbe de lactation ont été enregistrés à la 1ère lactation. Pour les paramètres des courbes de lactation et ses traits (lait, MG et MP), ils ont tous été affectés par les facteurs inclus dans le modèle d’analyse à savoir le secteur, le troupeau, l’interaction année de vêlage-saison de vêlage et le numéro de lactation. Mots clés: Contrôles journaliers, ajustement, Wood, courbe de lactationThe two objectives of this study were to adjust the lactation curves of Holstein cows in Tunisia and to study the factors of variation of the parameters of the latter. The adjustment was made according to the Wood model for the first 9 lactations. The data comes from 190,905 daily checks of the quantity of milk, fat (MG) and protein (MP), collected between 1995 and 2011 and distributed over 10 herds from 4 different production sectors. Wood's function was used to model the lactation curves by nonlinear regression. The highest “a”, MG and MP lactation curve parameters were recorded at the 3rd, 4th and 5th lactation, unlike the “b” parameter. The “c” parameter and the highest persistence of the lactation curve were recorded in the 1st lactation. For the parameters of the lactation curves and its traits (milk, fat and protein), they were all affected by the factors included in the analysis model, namely the sector, the herd, the interaction year of calving - calving season and lactation number. Keywords: Daily checks, adjustment, Wood, lactation curv

Comparison of different adjustment models of the growth curve of Barbarin lambs under two bioclimatic zones in Tunisia

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les performances de croissance de la race ovine Barbarine avec ses deux principaux écotypes (Barbarine à tête rousse et la Barbarine à tête noire) sous deux différents étages bioclimatiques (aride et semi-aride) ainsi que d’ajuster la courbe de croissance de cette race. On a utilisé les données de contrôle de croissance de vingt troupeaux de race ovine Barbarine, collectées durant 4 années, concernant 12 919 agneaux pesés à 21 jours d’intervalle. Les poids aux âges types ainsi que les Gains moyens Quotidiens (GMQ) 10-30, 30-50, 50-70 et 70-90 de la race Barbarine à tête rousse sont supérieurs à ceux de la Barbarine à tête noire. Les poids aux âges types de la Barbarine à tête rousse sont de 5,33 Kg, 8,50 Kg, 11,5 Kg, 15,2 Kg et 17,7 Kg respectivement pour les poids à 10, 30, 50, 70 et 90 jours. Celles des gains moyens sont de 160,3 g, 163,4g, 219,2 g et 157,5 g respectivement pour les GMQ10-30, GMQ30-50, GMQ30-70 et GMQ30-90. De même, les performances de croissance enregistrées sous l’étage bioclimatique aride sont supérieures à celles de l’étage semi-aride. L’ajustement des courbes de croissance a été effectué selon quatre modèles mathématiques non linéaires (Brody, Logistique, Gompertz et Von Bertalanffy). Ces modèles ont été évalués en fonction du coefficient de détermination (R²) et de la somme des carrées des écarts résiduels (SCER). Les résultats ont indiqué que le modèle Logistique, ayant les valeurs de R² les plus élevées et les SCER les plus faibles, a montré le meilleur ajustement de la croissance des agneaux barbarins, alors que le modèle de Brody a donné les valeurs de R² les plus basses et les SCER les plus élevées. Les paramètres de la fonction Logistique (A, B et C) sont respectivement de 17,9 ; 4,1 et 0,0381 pour la Barbarine à tête noire et de 18,8, 4,00 et 0,0406 pour la Barbarine à tête rousse. Les paramètres des courbes de croissance ont varié avec l’interaction écotype – étage bioclimatique, la ferme, l’interaction troupeau – année d’agnelage, l’âge de la mère, l’interaction  sexe – mode de naissance et le mois de naissance. Mots clés: Courbe de croissance, modèle non linéaire, race BarbarineThe objective of this study is to analyze the growth performance of the Barbarine sheep breed with its two main ecotypes (Red-headed Barbarine and Black-headed Barbarine) under two different bioclimatic zones (arid and semi-arid) as well as to adjust the growth curve of this breed. Growth monitoring data from twenty flocks of Barbarine sheep were used, collected over 4 years on 12 919 lambs weighed regularly at 21-day intervals. The weights at the standard ages as well as Averge Daily Gains (ADG) 10-30, 30-50, 50-70 and 70-90 of the Red-headed Barbarine are higher than that of the Black-headed Barbarine. The average weights at typical ages of the Red-headed Barbarine were 5.33 Kg, 8.50 Kg, 11.5 Kg, 15.2 Kg and 17.7 Kg respectively at 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. Those of the ADG were 160.3 g, 163.4 g, 219.2 g and 157.5 g respectively for the ADG10-30, ADG 30-50, ADG 30-70 and ADG 30-90. Similarly, the growth performances recorded under the arid bioclimatic zone were higher than those of the semi-arid zone. The adjustment of the growth curves was carried out according to four nonlinear mathematical models (Brody, Logistics, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy). These models were evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R²) and the sum of squares of residual deviations (SCER). The results indicated that the Logistic model, having the highest R² values ??and the lowest SCERs, showed the best fit for Barbarin lamb growth while Brody's model gave the lowest R² values ??and the highest SCERs. The Logistic function parameters (A, B and C) were respectively 17.9, 4.08 and 0.0381 for the black-headed barbarine and 18.8, 4.00 and 0.0406 for the Red-headed Barbarine. These parameters varied with the interaction ecotype – bioclimatic zone, the farm, the interaction herd – year of lambing, the age of the mother, the interaction sex – mode of birth and the month of birth. Keywords: growth curve, nonlinear model, Barbary breed

Assessment of growth hormone gene polymorphism effects on reproductive traits in Holstein dairy cattle in Tunisia

Research to assess the effect of single genes on reproductive traits in bovine species is imperative to elucidate genes' functions and acquire a better perspective of quantitative traits. The present study was undertaken to characterize genetic diversity in the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene in a population of 410 Holstein dairy cows in Tunisia. The analyses were based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, and GH-AluI and GH-MspI detections and genotyping were carried out using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Data were analyzed using a mixed linear model with the MIXED procedure to reveal the possible effect of GH genotypes on reproductive traits. The frequency data of AluI(L//V) and MspI(+//−) alleles were 87.04//12.96 and 70.06//29.94, respectively. The distribution of the frequency of GH genotypes for LL/LV/VV and (−/−)//(+/−)//(+/+) were 77.75//18.59//3.66 and 15.37//29.13//55.50, respectively. The results of the statistical analyses proved that GH-AluI showed a substantial favorable effect on exanimate traits except for the age at first calving; however, only a suggestive effect of GH-MspI on the calving interval (CI) and the days open (DI) was found. The homozygous LL genotype seemed to be advantageous with respect to the CI and the DI compared with LV and VV genotypes. Heterozygous MspI(+/−) cows tended to have a longer CI and DI than MspI(+/+) and MspI(−/−) cows, but the difference was not statistically significant. A significant effect of different GH-AluI–MspI combined genotypes was found on the number of inseminations per conception, the CI and the DI, and the LL/– combined genotype seemed to be associated with better reproductive performance. Based on these results, the LL genotype of the GH locus can be considered to be a favorable genotype for reproductive traits in Holstein dairy cattle, although these findings need to be confirmed by further research before polymorphisms can be used in a marker-assisted selection program.</p

Genetic diversity in Tunisian horse breeds

This study aimed at screening genetic diversity and differentiation in four horse breeds raised in Tunisia, the Barb, Arab-Barb, Arabian, and English Thoroughbred breeds. A total of 200 blood samples (50 for each breed) were collected from the jugular veins of animals, and genomic DNA was extracted. The analysis of the genetic structure was carried out using a panel of 16 microsatellite loci. Results showed that all studied microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic in all breeds. Overall, a total of 147 alleles were detected using the 16 microsatellite loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.52 (0.49), 7.35 (0.54), 6.3 (0.44), and 6 (0.38) for the Arab-Barb, Barb, Arabian, and English Thoroughbred breeds, respectively. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.63 (0.03) in the English Thoroughbred to 0.72 in the Arab-Barb breeds, whereas the expected heterozygosities were between 0.68 (0.02) in the English Thoroughbred and 0.73 in the Barb breeds. All FST values calculated by pairwise breed combinations were significantly different from zero (p  &lt;  0.05) and an important genetic differentiation among breeds was revealed. Genetic distances, the factorial correspondence, and principal coordinate analyses showed that the important amount of genetic variation was within population. These results may facilitate conservation programs for the studied breeds and enhance preserve their genetic diversity

Premature Exfoliation of Deciduous Teeth in a Four-Year-Old Child with Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Background: Vitamin D is an essential hormone for calcium gut absorption. It is also involved in child growth, cancer prevention, immune system responses, and tooth formation. Vitamin D deficiency is a common cause of rickets, a condition that affects bone development in children and that can have serious dental complications. Case Report: The following article presents a case report of a 4 year old Tunisian child, diagnosed with Hypophosphatemic rickets. Clinical features include growth failure, frontal bulging and genu valgum. Dental examination revealed spontaneous loss of deciduous teeth in the absence of dental caries or trauma. Follow up: Two years on, we noted a markedly hypoplastic yellow to brownish enamel in the first permanent molars and permanent lower incisors. Conclusion: The purpose of this article is to report and discuss the dental alterations observed: spontaneous loss of teeth and hypoplastic structure of enamel. Indeed, our patient presents the second case reported in literature with periodontal breakdown associated to the hypophosphatemic rickets. Genetic and molecular testing is needed to verify this

Real time read-frequency optimization for railway monitoring system

Trains have a key role in transporting people and goods with the option of moving from source to destinations by passing through several stations, with time-based features like date scheduling and known arrival times, which makes time a critical factor. The main challenge here, is to ensure that the train trip or train schedules are not affected or delayed in any way during the whole train trip; by giving the control unit in the railway system, the required time to process requests regarding all collected data. This an NP-hard problem with an optimal solution of handling all collected data and all service requests by the control unit of the railway system. Operational research will be used to solve this problem by developing many heuristics to deal with tasks of real-time systems, to produce a significant time optimization in the railway systems. To solve this problem, the proposed approach employs optimization by adapting 22 heuristics based on two categories of algorithms, the separated blocks category algorithm and the blocks interference category algorithm. The proposed approach receives data from many different sources at the same time, then collects the received data and save it to a data base in the railway system control unit. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the developed heuristics, more over the proposed approach minimized the maximum completion time that was elapsed in handling the received requests

INFLUENCE OF THE NATURE OF THE ENERGY SOURCE IN THE CONCENTRATE ON THE CONCENTRATION AND MOLAR PROPORTIONS OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN THE RUMEN OF THE SICILO-SARDE SHEEP BREED

. Influence of the nature of the energy source in the concentrate on the concentration and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids in rumen of sicilo-sarde sheep breed. Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 1(3

Assessment of the Mothers' Knowledge in Oral Prevention

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mothers’ knowledge in oral prevention. Our secondary objective was to know if there was a particular category of parents to better inform. We also aimed to evaluate the role of the dentist in prevention according to mothers and future mothers. Methods: The sample included 160 women aged between 16 and 48 years and hospitalized at the center of maternity and neonatology, Tunis. The evaluation was carried out by a questionnaire divided into 3 parts. The first part included design information, the second and third part included 19 questions that assess knowledge of women in oral prevention. The answers were evaluated following different recommendations. Anova test was used to analyze the correlation between mothers profile and knowledge. Entry and data analysis were done by SPSS statistics software 22. Results: Twelve questions were about the schematics of Keyes and got seven correct answers. Three questions focused on the transmission of caries and we got for the majority two correct answers. The majority of mothers gave wrong answers about the role of the dentist. Mothers are aware about effects of thumb sucking. Indeed, one question was asked and we got 80.64% of the answers correct. Conclusion: The overall average mark is 9.05 correct answers out of 19. This confirms that the level knowledge of Tunisian mothers in oral dental prevention remains inadequate. The evaluation of knowledge shows that the best answers was in brushing and transmission of carious disease. There were significant and positive correlations between mothers’ educational level, occupations, socio-economic level and the average marks