Nanobiotechnology : What? Why? How?

Nanotechnology is the manipulation or self-assembly of individual atoms, molecules, or molecular clusters into structures to create materials and devices with new or vastly different properties. Nanotechnology can work from the top down (which means reducing the size to the nanoscale e.g. marble block to a statue or the bottom up (which involves manipulating individual atoms and molecules into nanostructures ie. we add matter till we end with the final or the desired product. Nanotechnology has been described as the new industrial revolution and both developed and developing countries are investing heavily in this technology to secure a market share.The economy of the future will be a “knowledge-based economy” and maximizing knowledge through education, research and innovation will be important goals. Nanotechnology has a vast potential to revolutionize the critical sectors of the economy viz. health and agriculture: the subjects chosen for this talk. New tools for the treatment of diseases, disease detection, smart sensors and smart delivery systems for both mankind and agriculture are being developed and it will help to combat the viruses and other pathogens that effect both humans and the agriculture sector. It is expected that In the near future it will become possible through nanotechnology to increase the efficiency of drugs and pesticides and yet using lower doses. In the recent years applications of nanoscale biotechnology to food systems have been identified and are being pursued. Some of the studies are directed towards developing nano-sensing technology for detecting trace components in food, preserving food nutrients for an extended term and developing technology for preserving functional components without negatively impacting the palatability of food.The talk will cover what is nanobiotechnology, why we study nanobiotechnology and how to create the nanoengineered materials and what we can expect to get out of nanobiotechnology. The work in some of these areas being carried out at the Indian Institute of Chemcical Technology will also be covered

A Review on the Application of Artificial Neural Networks on Communication Systems

This paper presents a review on the applications of Artificial Neural networks. Artificial neural networks nowadays playing an important role in providing solutions to many complex computational problems. These networks provide many applications in the areas like Electrical engineering, Electronics engineering, Telecommunications, Computer science engineering etc

LiBF<SUB>4</SUB>-catalyzed formation of fused pyrano- and furanobenzopyrans

Lithium tetrafluoroborate efficiently catalyzes an unusual cyclization of o-hydroxybenzaldimines with 2,3-dihydrofuran and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran at ambient temperature to afford a class of new pyrano- and furanobenzopyran derivatives in excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity

Syntheses and conformational studies on AZT and its deuterated analogues

The NMR spectrum of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) in aqueous solution provides sum of some of the proton-proton coupling constants. This limitation precludes the determination of the pseudorotational parameters of the sugar ring. Selective deuteration alleviates this problem. The synthesis of 2'-deutero and 3'-deutero- AZT have been described for the first time starting from D-xylose and &#946;-thymidine respectively. NMR study of these analogues in aqueous solutions shows that almost equal amount of C-2'-endo and C-3'-endo species exist in equilibrium

Chiral polyhydroxylated tetrahydrothiophene derivatives: novel synthesis and structural elucidation by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations

The dideoxygenation reaction of 1,3;4,6-di-O-alkylidene-2,5-di-S-methylthiocarbonyl-D-mannitol derivatives under Barton-McCombie reaction conditions gave the hexahydrodipyranothiophenes 4 and 7 instead of the expected 2,5-dideoxy products. Structural and conformational information on these novel derivatives has been obtained by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography and molecular mechanics calculations