ROLE OF BROWN ALGAE (SARGASSUM SP) AS ANTIBACTERIAL (PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS) IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES

The main cause of periodontitis is bacterial porphyromonas gingivalis, which is an anaerobic gram-negative bacteria and is pathogenic because it destroys periodontal tissue. Brown algae (sargassum sp) is widely available in Indonesia waters, especially in the water of Maluku, and contains many minerals, fatty acids, phenols, alginates, fukosantin, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins (A, B, C, D, E) and contains high levels of iodine that can be used as an antibacterial. This literature review aims to study the role of brown algae (sargassum sp) as an antibacterial (porphyromonas gingivalis) in periodontal disease. Brown algae (sargassum sp) can be used in traditional medicine, food, cosmetics/beauty, pharmacy and textile industries. This review found 3 different active compounds that act as antibacterial agents: phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Therefore, brown algae (sargassum sp) can be used to inhibit the growth of porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The highest antibacterial content is found in brown algae (sargassum sp). Brown algae (sargassum sp) can be used as the basic treatment of periodontitis disease because it contains antibacterial substances such as phenols, flavonoids and tannins

Students Argumentation in Science Lessons: a Story of Two Research Projects

The study analysed profiles of students\u27 argumentation and how lessons may develop students\u27 argumentation skills. The study was conducted at two Indonesian progressive private schools and a school located in Australian low socio-economic community. This study explored possibilities to draw together results from two different research approaches typical to each country. The Indonesian research project used paper and pencil tests and interviews to investigate students\u27 argumentation skills, while the Australian research project analysed videos of the lessons. The Indonesian study finds that there is no significant different between two types of schools and gender. The Australian classroom showed shifts in creative dispositions that include the argumentation processes but not a consistent pattern between classes. The Australian teachers actively required students to make claims, explore the robustness of these claims, transferred these claims to new settings and to think of alternative explanations that encouraged students to construct more coherent arguments. This study finds that interpreting and re-interpreting two different research approaches can produce insights that benefit both sides as it can account for the context and needs of each country. In addition, combining of two different methodologies provided perspectives often not collected through single methodologies

Upaya Pemerintah Untuk Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Kemandirian Dan Kesejahteraan Difabel Di Kabupaten Klaten ( Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Klaten No. 2 Tahun 2011 Tentang Kesetaraan Kemandirian Dan Kesejahteraan Difabel )

Indonesia is a country where every law that citizens have rights andobligations which should be protected by law. A right is something that is inherentto the human being, not only a perfect man but also inherent to the human beingless than perfect (disabled). This needed protection which guaranted the rights ofthe disabled to realize equality, independence and disabled priority in KlatenRegency.Regional Regulation of Klaten Regency no. 2 of 2011 on Equality,Independence, and Disabled Prosperity as the basic of law about education,health, employee, social-politics, economy, and culture for the better future ofdisabled in Klaten Regency. This study discuss about the policy study to analyzehow Klaten Regency Government actualize the regional regulation by qualitativedescriptive methode. This study was held in Klaten Regency, Central Java. Bydata collection of interview and documents.Researcher found in Regional Regulation of Klaten Regency no. 2 of 2011on Equality, Independence, and Disabled Prosperity about policy implementationvariabels that influence the implementation performance of Klaten RegencyGovernment effort to create equality and disabled prosperity. At this study, Paguyuban Penyandang Cacat Klaten (PPCK) were been the mediator to regionalregulation implementation. Factors restricting the research is not yet evenlysocialization of local regulations to the disabled and limited budgets in support ofimplementation of the change. Recommendations of the researcher is to saw thefinancial resources and cooperation between the various parties to support theimplementation of local regulations and thorough socialization from Governmentto society in order to identify their contents nor diffable of regional regulationsand created a good relationship between the Government with the disabled

Pengaruh Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Bahan Penstabil Terhadap Mutu Produk Velva Labu Jepang

Penelitian dilakukan di BPTP, Lembang, Jawa Barat, mulai bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2003. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui jenis dan konsentrasi bahan penstabil terhadap mutu produk velva labu Jepang, baik mutu organoleptik maupun fisikokimia. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua ulangan. Rasio puree dengan air yang digunakan adalah 2:1, 1;1 dan 1:2, sedangkan untuk konsentrasi gula adalah 25, 30, dan 35% dari berat. Pada penelitian utama, bahan penstabil yang digunakan adalah CMC dan gum arabic, dengan rentangan konsentrasi 0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75%, dan 1% dari berat puree. Berdasarkan hasil uji pembobotan yang dirangkum dari penerimaan panelis terhadap keseluruhan parameter organoleptik diperoleh velva labu Jepang dengan rasio puree dengan air 1:2, konsentrasi gula 35%, dan penambahan CMC 0,75% dengan nilai kesukaan 5,11 yang berarti paling disukai. Sedangkan berdasarkan analisis terhadap produk terpilih diperoleh bahwa: kadar air 70,23%, overrun 27,76%, padatan terlarut total 26%, total asam 1,71%, total karoten 36,20 ppm, pH 4,39, kecepatan pelelehan 18,56, kadar vitamin C 93,79 mg/100g, kadar gula 27,5%, kadar lemak 0,05%, kadar serat kasar 0,72%, dan total kalori 69,36 per 100 g.Effect of kind and concentration of stabilizers on kabocha velva. The experiment was conducted at AIAT (Assesment Institute of Agriculture Technology) Lembang West Jawa, from March to August 2003. The aim of this study was to find out the kind and concentration of stabilizers, through organoleptic and physicochemical test. The experiment used was completely randomized design with two replications. Puree and water ratio used were 2:1, 1;1 and 1:2, with sugar concentration of 25, 30, and 35% based on puree weight. In the main research, modified velva by CMC and gum arabic with concentration of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% from puree weight were used. Based on rating test of the sensory evaluation of parameter, it was found out that best kabocha velva was at puree and water ratio 1:2, 35% sugar content, 0.75% CMC content with preferrence value 5.11 that the most preferred than others. Physicochemical analysis on selected product showed the content of 70.23% water, 27.76% overrun, 26% of total soluble solid, 1.71% total acid, 36.20 ppm of total carotene, 4.39 pH, 18.56 minutes melting point, 93.79 mg/100 g vitamin C, 27.5% sugar, 0.05% fat, 0.72% fiber, 69.36 total calorie/100 g product

Perubahan Kimia Kayu Pada Gubal Gaharu (Aquilaria Malaccensis Lamk.)hasil Rekayasa) (Wood Chemical Changes in Gubal Agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis Lamk.) Engineered)

Indonesia is the biggest producer gaharu (A. malaccensis Lamk.) in the world with the best quality. Agarwood is elite commodity non timber forest products that have potential as an industrial raw material The research objective is measuring physical properties (water content and density) of wood tissue is induced to form the agarwood. Measuring changes in the chemical content (hemicellulose, cellulose, alpha cellulose and lignin) of wood tissue induced 12 months, 6 months, and the control of long induced agarwood. Treatment in research was induced period of 6 months, 12 months and control. The analysis was done according to ASTM Standard D 4933-99 and TAPPI. The result of research showed that the induced agarwood for 12 months had a higher density than the control, and 6 months. while the water content was not significanctly different. The extractive substances that contained in induced agarwood had a higher value than the control (the value of agarwood solubility in cold water, solubility in hot water, solubility in NaOH, solubility in alcohol and benzene). The content of hemicelluloses, cellulose and alpha cellulose in the induced agarwood for 12 months trend to be lower than the control

Analisis Mikrosatelit Pada Sampel Feses Gajah Sumatera (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus) Di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo, Riau

Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is an endemic land mammal on Sumatra Island which now is on critically endangered. The population of Sumatran elephant in Riau Province spread in 9 pouches of population, one of them is population in Tesso Nilo National Park (TNNP). Habitat fragmentation and land conversion in protected areas caused condition of Sumatran elephant\u27s population had deteriorated. Therefore, we need a precise conservation effort to save the population of Sumatran elephant in TNNP. These efforts require appropriate information on the number of individuals and population genetic. The aims of this study were to determine the number of individuals, variation and frequency of allele, and the level of heterozygosity of Sumatran elephant population in TNNP based on genetic information. Molecular analysis using microsatellite marker was performed on 108 non-invasive samples which were collected using CMR method. The result revealed that there were 73 individuals of Sumatran elephant in TNNP. The average number of allele variation from 13 microsatelite loci which were analized was 2.85 allele/locus with average observed heterozygosity (0.507) is higher than expected heterozygosity (0.490). Those indicates that allele frequencies found to be above of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This studyproved that there is no genetic pressure of Sumatran elephant population in TNNP

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Self Efficacy terhadap Prestasi Kerja Dosen (Studi pada Dosen Universitas Atma Jaya YOGYAKARTA)

This study aims to determine the effect of motivation on work performance, knowing the effect of self efficacy on work performance and knowing the effect of work motivation and self efficacy together on work performance. This type of research is correlational. The population in this study was the lectures at Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University. The sample used in this study was 76 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The technique used in data collection is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. To find out the effect simultaneously used the F test, and to determine the effect partially used the t test. The results showed that motivation partially influences the work performance of lecturers, self efficacy partially influences the work performance of the lecturer, motivation and self efficacy simultaneously influence the work performance of the lecturer