Inclusive Photoproduction of η\eta Mesons on Nuclei and the in-medium properties of the S11_{11} Resonance

A relativistic non-local model for the inclusive photoproduction of $\eta$ mesons from complex nuclei is introduced. The model is based on the dominance of the S$_{11}$(1535) resonance. We compare the results of our calculations with the available data on inclusive cross sections for the nuclei C, Al and Cu. Assuming the resonance propagates freely in the nuclear medium, we find that the calculated angular distribution and energy dependence of the cross sections reproduce the data in a reasonable fashion. The present non-local model allows the inclusion of density dependent mass and width in the calculations. Including these in the calculations reveals that the presently available data do not show clear preference for the inclusion of such modifications of the properties of the S$_{11}$(1535) in the nuclear medium.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Relativistic Calculations for the Exclusive Photoproduction of Eta Mesons from Complex Nuclei

A relativistic model for the quasifree photoproduction of eta meson from complex nuclei is developed. The interactions between fields are introduced through effective Lagrangians. Contributions from several nucleon resonances as well as nucleon Born terms and vector meson exchange diagrams are included. Nucleon and eta wavefunctions are solutions of Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations, respectively. Final state interactions of the outgoing particles are included via optical potentials. The effects of these interactions on the cross sections and photon asymmetries are studied and are found to be large. Calculations indicate that at energies near threshold the exclusive reaction takes place mainly through formation of the S_{11}(1535) resonance. Comparisons with the non-relativistic calculations show differences between the two approaches both for the cross sections and photon asymmetries. We give some detailed predictions for the reaction observables for exclusive photoproduction on ^{12}C, ^{16}O and ^{40}Ca.Comment: Latex, 27 pages, 13 uuencoded postscript figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Capability framework for sustainable manufacturing of sports apparel and footwear

The sporting goods sector is characterized by large volumes of production, high levels of consumption and short product life cycles resulting in high disposal rates and waste. Manufacturing of sports products is distributed globally through tier-based supply chains and complex logistics systems. Companies within such supply chains have different levels of capability in sustainable manufacturing, which impacts on the sustainability of the overall business. Reducing environmental impacts is of particular concern for companies at present, due to heightened requirements for the reduction of energy and water consumption, waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article describes outcomes of a research project conducted in collaboration with a global sporting goods manufacturer that focused on the development of relevant capabilities across their supply chain for sustainable manufacturing of sports apparel and footwear. The article presents the developed sustainable manufacturing framework and capability assessment results obtained for selected companies within the supply chain of this global manufacturer in Asia

Non-locality and Medium Effects in the Exclusive Photoproduction of Eta Mesons on Nuclei

A relativistic model for the quasifree exclusive photoproduction of $\eta$ mesons on nuclei is extended to include both non-local and medium effects. The reaction is assumed to proceed via the dominant contribution of the S$_{11}$(1535) resonance. The complicated integrals resulting from the non-locality are simplified using a modified version of a method given by Cooper and Maxwell. The non-locality effects are found to affect the magnitude of the cross section. Some possibilities reflecting the effects of the medium on the propagation and properties of the intermediate S$_{11}$ resonance are studied. The effects of allowing the S$_{11}$ to interact with the medium via mean field scalar and vector potentials are considered. Both broadening of width and reduction in mass of the resonance lead to a suppression of the calculated cross sections.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

Pullulan gum production from low-quality fig syrup using Aureobasidium pullulans

Pullulan is an important polysaccharide with several potential applications in food science, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, but high costs of pullulan production are the main limitation for commercial utilization. Therefore, a cost-effective process for pullulan production was developed using fig syrup as an exclusive nutrient source. In particular, the feasibility of using low quality fig syrup as a supplemental substrate for pullulan gum production by Aureobasidium pullulans was investigated. Fermentation was carried out over a range of fig syrup and sucrose degrees Brix (5-15%). Maximum pullulan gum production was observed after 96h using 12.5% fig syrup, yielding approximately14.06 g/L. This value of pullulan production (14.06 g/L) was higher than the amount of pullulan produced using sucrose as substrate (5.01 g/L). In conclusion, fig syrup was an effective substrate for pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans, and, therefore, this byproduct deserves attention for the cost-effective and environmentally friendly pullulan production

The effects of exposure to sub-lethal copper and cadmium concentrations on biochemical factors of one year old Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus

The aim of this study was to determine the 96h LC50 of copper and cadmium, and also, to evaluate the effects of their sub-lethal dose on stress factors in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Obtained results from Probit analysis showed 96h LC50 values of 0.502 and 14.78mg/l for copper and cadmium, respectively. Also, in single sub-lethal exposures, 72 juveniles (130±19g) were exposed to 0.026 and 0.68mg/l of copper and cadmium in semi- static conditions, and some stress-related biochemical factors were assessed in 1, 7 and 14 days. According to the obtained results, plasma glucose and cortisol were increased (P0.05) differences in plasma and liver protein contents between experimental groups and controls with the exception of copper treatment at the first day of sampling when plasma protein contents showed significant increases, but decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the subsequent sampling stages. In addition, with copper treatment, significant decreases were observed in plasma triglyceride concentrations as time passed by compared to day 1 (P<0.05). Results showed that copper is more toxic than cadmium for this species and also, 96h LC50 of copper and cadmium are stressful for Persian sturgeon