503 research outputs found
Productivity Changes and Risk Management in Indonesian Banking: An Application of a New Approach to Constructing Malmquist Indices
In this study, we utilise a new, non-parametric efficiency measurement approach which combines the semi-oriented radial measure data envelopment analysis (SORM-SBM-DEA) approach for dealing with negative data (Emrouznejad et al., 2010) with the slacks-based efficiency measures of Tone (2001, 2002) to analyse productivity changes for Indonesian banks over the period Quarter I 2003 to Quarter II 2007. Having constructed the Malmquist indices, using data provided by Bank Indonesia (the Indonesian central bank), for the banking industry and different bank types (i.e., listed and Islamic) and groupings, we then decomposed the industryâs Malmquist into its technical efficiency change and frontier shift components. Finally, we analysed the banksâ risk management performance, using Simar and Wilsonâs (2007) truncated regression approach, before assessing its impact on productivity growth. The first part of the Malmquist analysis showed that average productivity changes for the Indonesian banking industry tended to be driven, over the sample period, by technological progress rather than by frontier shift, although a relatively stable pattern was exhibited for most of the period. However, at the beginning of the considered period, state-owned and foreign banks, as well as Islamic banks, exhibited volatile productivity movements, mainly caused by shifts in the technological frontier. With respect to the risk management analysis, most of the balance sheet variables were shown to have had the expected impact on risk management efficiency. While the risk management decomposition of technical efficiency change and frontier risk components demonstrated that, by the end of the sample period, the change in risk management efficiency and risk management effects had the same dynamic pattern, resulting in the analogous dynamics for technical efficiency changes. Therefore, a strategy based on the gradual adoption of newer technology, with a particular focus on internal risk management enhancement, seems to offer the highest potential for boosting the productivity of the financial intermediary operations of Indonesian banks.Indonesian Finance and Banking; Productivity; Efficiency.
A New Approach to Dealing With Negative Numbers in Efficiency Analysis: An Application to the Indonesian Banking Sector
In one of the first stand-alone studies covering the whole of the Indonesian banking industry, and utilising a unique dataset provided by the Indonesian central bank, this paper analyses the levels of intermediation-based efficiency obtaining during the period 2003-2007. Using a new approach (i.e., semi-oriented radial measure Data Envelopment Analysis, or âSORM DEAâ) to handling negative numbers (Emrouznejad et al., 2010) and combining it with Toneâs (2001) slacks-based model (SBM) to form an input-oriented, non-parametric SORM SBM model, we firstly estimate the relative average efficiencies of Indonesian banks, both overall, by group, as determined by their ownership structure, and by status (âlistedâ/âIslamicâ). For robustness, a range-directional (RD) model suggested by Silva Portela et al. (2004) was also employed to handle the negative numbers. In the second part of the analysis, we adopt Simar and Wilsonâs (2007) bootstrapping methodology to formally test for the impact of size, ownership structure and status on Indonesian bank efficiency. In addition, we formally test the two models most widely suggested in the literature for controlling for bank risk â namely, those involving the inclusion of provisions for loan losses and equity capital respectively as inputs â to check the robustness of the results to the choice of risk variable. The results demonstrate a high degree of sensitivity of the average bank efficiency scores to the choice of methodology for handling negative numbers â with the RD model consistently delivering efficiency scores some 14% on average above those from the SORM SBM model â and to the choice of risk control variable under the RD model, but only a limited sensitivity to the choice of risk control variable under the SORM SBM model. With respect to group rankings, most model combinations find the âstate-ownedâ group to be the most efficient, with average overall efficiency levels ranging between 64% and 97%; while all model combinations find the âregional government-ownedâ group to be the least efficient, with average overall efficiency levels ranging between 41% and 64%. As for the impact of bank âstatusâ on the efficiency scores, both the Islamic banks and the listed banks perform better than the industry average in the majority of model combinations. Finally, the results for the impact of scale on the efficiency scores are ambiguous. Under the RD model, and irrespective of the choice of risk control variable, size is very important in determining intermediation-based efficiency. Under the SORM SBM model, however, large banksâ performance is not significantly different from that of the medium-sized banks when equity capital is used as the risk control variable, although the medium-sized banks do out-perform small banks. Moreover, when loan loss provisions are used as the risk control variable, medium-sized banks are shown to significantly out-perform both large and small banks, with the large banks being the least efficient.Indonesian Finance and Banking; Efficiency.
Banking Efficiency and Stock Market Performance: An Analysis of Listed Indonesian Banks
This paper examines the monthly efficiency and productivity of listed Indonesian banks and their market performance through the prism of two modelling techniques, efficiency and super-efficiency, over the period January 2006 to July 2007. Within this research strategy we employ Toneâs (2001) non-parametric, Slacks-Based Model (SBM) and Toneâs (2002) super-efficiency SBM combining them with recent bootstrapping techniques, namely the non-parametric truncated regression analysis suggested by Simar and Wilson (2007). In the case of the SBM efficiency scores, the Simar and Wilson methodology was adapted to two truncations, whereas in the super-efficiency framework the original technique was utilised. As suggested by neo-classical theory, we find that the stock market values banks in accordance with their performance. Moreover, it is found that the JCI index of the Indonesian Stock Exchange is positively related to bank efficiency. Another interesting finding is that the coefficient for the share of foreign ownership is negative and statistically significant in the super-efficiency modelling. This suggests that Indonesian banks with foreign ownership tend to be less efficient than their domestic counterparts. Finally, Malmquist productivity results suggest that, over the studyâs horizon, the sample banks displayed volatile productivity patterns in their profit-generating operations.Indonesian Banking, Emerging Markets, Productivity, Efficiency.
Efficiency in Indonesian Banking: Recent Evidence
In one of the first stand-alone studies covering the whole of the Indonesian banking industry, and utilising a unique dataset provided by the Indonesian central bank, this paper analyses the levels of intermediation-based efficiency obtaining during 2007. Using Toneâs (2001) input-oriented, non-parametric, slacks-based DEA model, and modifying it where necessary to deal with negative inputs and outputs (Sharp et al. 2006), we firstly estimate the relative average efficiencies of Indonesian banks, both overall, and by group, as determined by their total asset size and status. In the second part of the analysis, we adopt Simar and Wilsonâs (2007) bootstrapping methodology to eliminate the âbiasâ in the efficiency estimates and to formally test for the impact of size and status on Indonesian bank efficiency. The results from the initial analysis show that: (i) average bank efficiency within the industry during 2007 lay between 62% â 67%; (ii) the most efficient group of banks was the âstate-ownedâ group with an average efficiency score of over 90%, with the least efficient group being the âregional government-ownedâ banks with average efficiency scores between 45% and 58%; (iii) âlisted banksâ performed better, on average, than ânon-listed banksâ; and (iv) âIslamic banksâ, despite their different operational structure when compared with conventional banks, enjoyed average efficiency scores between 54% and 74%. In the second stage of the analysis, the bias-corrected efficiency scores demonstrate that âregional government-ownedâ, âforeign exchangeâ, ânon-foreign exchangeâ, âjoint-ventureâ and âforeignâ groupings were significantly less efficient than âstate-ownedâ banks, with the first-mentioned being the most inefficient and the other groupings ranked in ascending order of efficiency, as listed. Moreover, large banks were shown to be more efficient than their smaller counterparts, providing support for Bank Indonesiaâs consolidation policies.Indonesian Finance and Banking; Efficiency.
Efficiency and Malmquist Indices of Productivity Change in Indonesian Banking
In this study we utilise a non-parametric, slacks-based model (SBM) approach to analyse efficiency and productivity changes for Indonesian banks over the period January 2006 to July 2007. Efficiency scores and Malmquist productivity indices are estimated using the approach for efficiency and super-efficiency estimation suggested by Tone (2001, 2002). Additionally, the Malmquist indices are decomposed into technical efficiency change and technological shift components. Using monthly supervisory data provided by Bank Indonesia we find that, under the intermediation approach to efficiency estimation, average bank efficiency was reasonably stable during the sample period, ranging between 70% and 82%, with 92 of the 130 banks in existence at that time having efficiency scores of over 70%, including 10 with (super)efficiency scores above unity. We also find that technical efficiencies under the Intermediation approach to describing the banking production process are relatively stable. Malmquist results for the industry suggest that the main driver of productivity growth is technological progress. A strategy based on the gradual adoption of newer technology, according to our results, thus seems to have the highest potential for boosting the productivity of the financial intermediary operations of Indonesian banks.Indonesian Finance and Banking; Productivity; Efficiency.
Trapping cold atoms using surface-grown carbon nanotubes
We present a feasibility study for loading cold atomic clouds into magnetic
traps created by single-wall carbon nanotubes grown directly onto dielectric
surfaces. We show that atoms may be captured for experimentally sustainable
nanotube currents, generating trapped clouds whose densities and lifetimes are
sufficient to enable detection by simple imaging methods. This opens the way
for a novel type of conductor to be used in atomchips, enabling atom trapping
at sub-micron distances, with implications for both fundamental studies and for
technological applications
Magnetic-film atom chip with 10 m period lattices of microtraps for quantum information science with Rydberg atoms
We describe the fabrication and construction of a setup for creating lattices
of magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms on an atom chip. The lattice is
defined by lithographic patterning of a permanent magnetic film. Patterned
magnetic-film atom chips enable a large variety of trapping geometries over a
wide range of length scales. We demonstrate an atom chip with a lattice
constant of 10 m, suitable for experiments in quantum information science
employing the interaction between atoms in highly-excited Rydberg energy
levels. The active trapping region contains lattice regions with square and
hexagonal symmetry, with the two regions joined at an interface. A structure of
macroscopic wires, cut out of a silver foil, was mounted under the atom chip in
order to load ultracold Rb atoms into the microtraps. We demonstrate
loading of atoms into the square and hexagonal lattice sections simultaneously
and show resolved imaging of individual lattice sites. Magnetic-film lattices
on atom chips provide a versatile platform for experiments with ultracold
atoms, in particular for quantum information science and quantum simulation.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Diseño de protocolos de comunicación en un sistema de información multiagente para el soporte a la toma de decisiones médicas
Una de las caracterĂsticas fundamentales que presentan los sistemas multiagentes es la capacidad de comunicaciĂłn e interacciĂłn entre cada uno de sus componentes. Tal proceso de comunicaciĂłn se lleva a cabo mediante el intercambio de mensajes y, para la comprensiĂłn mutua, es vital que los agentes acuerden respecto al formato y la semĂĄntica de sus mensajes.
En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de interacciones que tienen lugar en un Sistema de Información Multiagente, cuyo objetivo es brindar soporte a la toma de decisiones en el diagnóstico temprano en procesos médicos complejos. Se propone la integración del eståndar DICOM con el lenguaje de comunicación FIPA, con el fin de permitir la introducción de imågenes y señales fisiológicas en el contenido de mensajes, y al mismo tiempo facilitar la interconectividad entre diversos equipos de diagnóstico y monitoreo. Se muestran algunos avances en la implementación de esta propuesta en el marco de la herramienta de desarrollo de sistemas multiagentes JADE.Sociedad Argentina de Informåtica e Investigación Operativ
Particle production in string cosmology models
We compute spectra of particles produced during a dilaton-driven kinetic
inflation phase within string cosmology models. The resulting spectra depend on
the parameters of the model and on the type of particle and are quite varied,
some increasing and some decreasing with frequency. We use an approximation
scheme in which all spectra can be expressed in a nice symmetric form, perhaps
hinting at a deeper symmetry of the underlying physics. Our results may serve
as a starting point for detailed studies of relic abundances, dark matter
candidates, and possible sources of large scale anisotropy.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, latex, RevTe
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