Analisis kesalahan berbahasa pada teks caption dalam akun facebook kompas.com

Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) kesalahan penggunaan ejaan, (2) kesalahan penggunaan pilihan kata (diksi), dan (3) kesalahan penggunaan kalimat dalam akun Facebook Kompas.com. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan data berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat. Hasil penelitian terhadap 248 data teks caption: (1) kesalahan penggunaan ejaan sejumlah 285, meliputi (a) pemakaian huruf sebanyak 126, yakni huruf kapital 26, huruf kecil 16, huruf miring 51, dan huruf vokal dan konsonan 33. (b) Penulisan kata sebanyak 72, yakni gabungan kata 12, kata depan di 5, singkatan dan akronim 15, serta angka dan bilangan 40. (c) Pemakaian tanda baca sebanyak 87, yakni tanda titik 33, tanda koma 32, tanda hubung 9, tanda petik 11, dan tanda petik tunggal 2. (2) kesalahan pemakaian diksi sejumlah 94, meliputi (a) pelesapan kata 52, (b) pilihan kata (diksi) yang tidak sesuai dengan konteks kalimat 16, (c) kata mubazir 16, dan (d) kata tidak baku 10. (3) Kesalahan penggunaan kalimat sejumlah 26, meliputi (a) tidak adanya kesesuaian antara ide dan struktur kalimat 17 dan (b) pelesapan subjek 1

Self supply schemes for community water supply in Ghana

Jachie and Esereso are communities in the Bosomtwi-Atwima Kwanwoma District in Ashanti Region located on the outskirts of Kumasi with poor access to improved water supply services. The acute water supply situation in the communities has led many individuals described in this study as ‘Self Suppliers’ to provide water to serve their families and other members of the community for free or for a fee. This study examined who the Self Suppliers are, how they operate, the quality of water supplied, their market share and coverage through a survey carried out with these service providers and consumers in both communities. The Self Suppliers are the main water service providers in the two communities. However, water quality from these providers did not meet the Ghana Standards Board’s required quality levels. This paper highlights the role of these self-supply schemes in community water supply delivery in Ghana

Shifting from public shared toilets to home toilets in urban settlements: implications of household demand in Kumasi, Ghana

This study was conducted to assess the households’ attributes towards the use of public toilet, demand for improved household toilet and the implications of shifting from public shared toilet to improved household or home toilet. A sample of 120 houses was randomly selected from two groups – those without improved household toilets and those with improved household toilets built with subsidy. The results showed that most of the households using public toilet (86%) were not satisfied with the cleanliness and odour, but were not aware of the home toilet promotion. High and middle income households (82%) received subsidy of 50% of the cost of household toilet. Most of the low income households residing in multifamilies houses did not have improved household toilet due to limited space for facility, multilandlords from extended families, and lack of motivation resulting from the presence of public shared toilets. There are difficulties in shifting from public shared toilets to improved household toilets

Livestock ownership is associated with higher odds of anaemia among preschool‐aged children, but not women of reproductive age in Ghana

Livestock ownership may influence anaemia through complex and possibly contradictory mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to determine the association of household livestock ownership with anaemia among women aged 15–49 years and children aged 6–59 months in Ghana and to examine the contribution of animal source foods (ASFs) to consumption patterns as a potential mechanism mediating this association. We analysed data on 4,441 women and 2,735 children from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey and 16,772 households from the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6. Haemoglobin measurements were used to define anaemia (non‐pregnant women: <120 g/L; children: <110 g/L). Child‐ and household‐level ASF consumption data were collected from 24‐hour food group intake and food consumption and expenditure surveys, respectively. In multiple logistic regression models, household livestock ownership was associated with anaemia among children (OR, 95% CI: 1.5 [1.1, 2.0]), but not women (1.0 [0.83, 1.2]). Household ownership of chickens was associated with higher odds of anaemia among children (1.6 [1.2, 2.2]), but ownership of other animal species was not associated with anaemia among women or children. In path analyses, we observed no evidence of mediation of the association of household livestock ownership with child anaemia by ASF consumption. Ownership of livestock likely has limited importance for consumption of ASFs among young children in Ghana and may in fact place children at an increased risk of anaemia. Further research is needed to elucidate if and how pathogen exposure associated with livestock rearing may underlie this increased risk of anaemia.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144629/1/mcn12604_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144629/2/mcn12604.pd

Needs assessment to strengthen capacity in water and sanitation research in Africa:experiences of the African SNOWS consortium

Despite its contribution to global disease burden, diarrhoeal disease is still a relatively neglected area for research funding, especially in low-income country settings. The SNOWS consortium (Scientists Networked for Outcomes from Water and Sanitation) is funded by the Wellcome Trust under an initiative to build the necessary research skills in Africa. This paper focuses on the research training needs of the consortium as identified during the first three years of the project

Construction of the Pediatric Asthma Impact Scale (PAIS) for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)

Recently, the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research initiative led a large-scale effort to develop the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). PROMIS’s main goal was to develop a set of item banks and computerized adaptive tests for the clinical research community. Asthma, as the most common chronic childhood disease, was chosen for a disease-specific pediatric item bank

Development and psychometric properties of the PROMIS® pediatric fatigue item banks

This paper reports on the development and psychometric properties of self-reported pediatric fatigue item banks as part of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)

Construction of the eight-item patient-reported outcomes measurement information system pediatric physical function scales: built using item response theory

To create self-report physical function (PF) measures for children using modern psychometric methods for item analysis as part of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)

PROMIS Pediatric Anger Scale: an item response theory analysis

The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) aims to develop patient-reported outcome (PROs) instruments for use in clinical research. The PROMIS pediatrics (ages 8–17) project focuses on the development of PROs across several health domains (physical function, pain, fatigue, emotional distress, social role relationships, and asthma symptoms). The objective of the present study is to report on the psychometric properties of the PROMIS Pediatric Anger Scale