The causes of full ocean depth interannual variability in Drake Passage

In recent years a number of large scale modes of Southern Hemisphere climate variability have been observed, most notably the Southern Annular Mode (SAM, e.g. Thompson and Solomon, 2002), the Pacific South American modes (PSA, e.g. Mo and Peagle, 2001), the Antarctic Dipole (e.g. Martinson and Ianuzzi, 2003), the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (e.g. White and Peterson, 1996), and of course the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). All have pronounced effects over or in the Southern Ocean, and may be expected to account for a significant part of the interannual variability observed there. Most studies analyse these phenomena from a large-scale point of view, often by extracting modes from Southern Hemisphere atmospheric and oceanic fields using various mathematical techniques. In this study we have taken an alternative approach, and tried to understand the causes of the full ocean depth variability in Drake Passage observed in the WOCE SR1b repeat hydrographic sections (Cunningham et al. 2003)

Second order statistics of NLOS indoor MIMO channels based on 5.2 GHz measurements

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Nonobstructing Colonic Dilatation and Colon Perforations Following Renal Transplantation

Nonobstructing colonic dilatation has not been commonly reported following renal transplantation, and colon perforations carry a high morbidity and mortality in this population. During a 7-year period, nonobstructing colonic dilatation developed in 13 adults 1 to 13 days after renal transplantation. Twelve (92%) of the 13 had poorly functioning allografts. Five (83%) of the 6 with and 2 (29%) of the 7 without colonoscopy had resolution of nonobstructing colonic dilatation. Of the seven right-sided colon perforations during this period, six were associated with nonobstructing colonic dilatation. An additional 4 patients had diverticular perforations in the left colon. Of a total of 11 patients with colon perforation, 7 had surgery within 24 hours of the perforation and 6 (86%) of these survived. Only 1 (25%) of the 4 having surgery more than 24 hours later survived. Six of the survivors retained functioning allografts. Nonobstructing colonic dilatation seems to be a potential complication of poor graft function after renal transplantation, and colonoscopy is effective in its treatment. In patients with colon perforations, early surgery and reduced immunosuppression are essential in decreasing mortality. © 1990, American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Electromagnetic shielding by thin periodic structures and the Faraday cage effect

Dans cette note, nous nous intéressons à la diffraction des ondes électromagnétiques (équations de Maxwell en régime harmonique) par une nappe perforée plane constituée de petit obstacles parfaitement conducteurs placée à l’interface entre deux milieux homogènes. La taille des obstacles et la distance séparant deux obstacles consécutifs sont du même ordre de grandeur δ, δ supposé petit. En étudiant trois configurations modèles ((i) obstacles « discrets », (ii) fils parallèles, (iii) maillage constitué de deux nappes de fils parallèles), nous montrons que la limite de la solution quand δ tend vers 0 dépend de la forme des obstacles constituant la nappe périodique, le phénomène de « cage de Faraday » n’apparaissant que dans le cas du maillage de fils

Left main bronchus compression due to main pulmonary artery dilatation in pulmonary hypertension: two case reports

Abstract. Pulmonary arterial dilatation associated with pulmonary hypertension may result in significant compression of local structures. Left main coronary artery and left recurrent laryngeal nerve compression have been described. Tracheobronchial compression from pulmonary arterial dilatation is rare in adults, and there are no reports in the literature of its occurrence in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Compression in infants with congenital heart disease has been well described. We report 2 cases of tracheobronchial compression: first, an adult patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension who presents with symptomatic left main bronchus compression, and second, an adult patient with Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect and right-sided aortic arch, with progressive intermedius and right middle lobe bronchi compression in association with enlarged pulmonary arteries

Operational Semantics of Process Monitors

CSPe is a specification language for runtime monitors that can directly express concurrency in a bottom-up manner that composes the system from simpler, interacting components. It includes constructs to explicitly flag failures to the monitor, which unlike deadlocks and livelocks in conventional process algebras, propagate globally and aborts the whole system's execution. Although CSPe has a trace semantics along with an implementation demonstrating acceptable performance, it lacks an operational semantics. An operational semantics is not only more accessible than trace semantics but also indispensable for ensuring the correctness of the implementation. Furthermore, a process algebra like CSPe admits multiple denotational semantics appropriate for different purposes, and an operational semantics is the basis for justifying such semantics' integrity and relevance. In this paper, we develop an SOS-style operational semantics for CSPe, which properly accounts for explicit failures and will serve as a basis for further study of its properties, its optimization, and its use in runtime verification

EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE (GINGER) ON ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN ADULT ALBINO RATS

 Objective: Zingiber officinale (ZO) Roscoe (Ginger) is known to have many medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate theanti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of ginger in adult albino rats, both in acute and chronic inflammatory settings and to compare the samewith standard anti-inflammatory agent diclofenac sodium.Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity of ginger at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight administered orally was evaluated in adult albino rats dividedinto different groups as control, test and standard. Effect of ginger on acute inflammation was evaluated by carrageenan in induced rat paw edemamethod and chronic inflammation was evaluated by rexin pellet granuloma method. Histopathological analysis was also done to evaluate effect ofginger on leukocyte migration and lymphocyte accumulation at the site of acute and chronic inflammation respectively.Results: Aqueous extract of ginger decreased the signs of both acute and chronic inflammation. The percent inhibition of edema (for acuteinflammation) with ZO extract was 28.80%, whereas with diclofenac sodium 63.46%. Percentage inhibition of granulation tissue (for chronicinflammation) for ginger was 31.04% and 63.42% for diclofenac sodium.Conclusion: Aqueous extract of ginger decreased the signs of both acute and chronic inflammation and was comparable to standard anti-inflammatorydrug diclofenac sodium. As currently available anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with number of side-effects, ginger can be potentially exploredas an anti-inflammatory agent with minimal or no side-effects.Keywords: Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Ginger, Acute inflammation, Chronic inflammation, Rat paw oedema, Rexin pellet granuloma, Diclofenac sodium

Millisecond Coupling of Local Field Potentials to Synaptic Currents in the Awake Visual Cortex

The cortical local field potential (LFP) is a common measure of population activity, but its relationship to synaptic activity in individual neurons is not fully established. This relationship has been typically studied during anesthesia and is obscured by shared slow fluctuations. Here, we used patch-clamp recordings in visual cortex of anesthetized and awake mice to measure intracellular activity; we then applied a simple method to reveal its coupling to the simultaneously recorded LFP. LFP predicted membrane potential as accurately as synaptic currents, indicating a major role for synaptic currents in the relationship between cortical LFP and intracellular activity. During anesthesia, cortical LFP predicted excitation far better than inhibition; during wakefulness, it predicted them equally well, and visual stimulation further enhanced predictions of inhibition. These findings reveal a central role for synaptic currents, and especially inhibition, in the relationship between the subthreshold activity of individual neurons and the cortical LFP during wakefulness

Forehead Skin Blood Flow in Normal Neonates during Active and Quiet Sleep, Measured with a Diode Laser Doppler Instrument

Changes in forehead skin blood flow during active and quiet sleep were determined in 16 healthy neonates using a recently developed semi-conductor laser Doppler flow meter without light conducting fibres. Measurements were carried out at a postnatal age varying from 5 hours to 7 days. The two sleep states could be distinguished in 17 recordings. The mean skin blood flow values during active sleep were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those during quiet sleep, the mean increase being 28.1%. The variability of the flow signal, expressed as the coefficient of variation, changed significantly from 23.1% during active sleep to 18.2% during quiet sleep