The economic synthesis of pyridinium fluorochromate(VI), C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NH[CrO<SUB>3</SUB>F] (PFC), and solvent-free oxidation of organic substrates with PFC

A 1:1:1 stoichiometric reaction among CrO3, aqueous HF and pyridine affords orange crystalline pyridinium fluorochromate(VI), C5H5NH[CrO3F] (PFC), in 99.2% isolated yield. The reagent under solvent-free conditions readily converts benzylic, secondary, and allylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyls and selectively oxidizes secondary alcohols in the presence of primary alcohols, polycyclic hydrocarbons to cyclic ketones, benzoin to benzil, PPh3 to O=PPh3, methylphenyl sulfide to sulfoxide, cyclohexanone oxime to cyclohexanone, an allylic &#916;5-steroid to the corresponding &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated ketone and deprotects dioxolanes and dithiolanes to aldehydes; the economic synthesis of PFC, its ease of reaction without solvent, versatility, and high isolated yields of the products are the significant features of the protocol

Associations between community health workers' home visits and education-based inequalities in institutional delivery and perinatal mortality in rural Uttar Pradesh, India: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION: India's National Health Mission has trained community health workers called Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to visit and counsel women before and after birth. Little is known about the extent to which exposure to ASHAs' home visits has reduced perinatal health inequalities as intended. This study aimed to examine whether ASHAs' third trimester home visits may have contributed to equitable improvements in institutional delivery and reductions in perinatal mortality rates (PMRs) between women with varying education levels in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state, India. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from a representative sample of 52 615 women who gave birth in the preceding 2 months in rural areas of 25 districts of UP in 2014-2015. We analysed the data using generalised linear modelling to examine the associations between exposure to home visits and education-based inequalities in institutional delivery and PMRs. RESULTS: Third trimester home visits were associated with higher institutional delivery rates, in particular public facility delivery rates (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.32, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.34), and to a lesser extent private facility delivery rates (aRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13), after adjusting for confounders. Associations were stronger among women with lower education levels. Having no compared with any third trimester home visits was associated with higher perinatal mortality (aRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.28). Having any versus no visits was more highly associated with lower perinatal mortality among women with lower education levels than those with the most education, and most notably among public facility births. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ASHAs' home visits in the third trimester contributed to equitable improvements in institutional deliveries and lower PMRs, particularly within the public sector. Broader strategies must reinforce the role of ASHAs' home visits in reaching the sustainable development goals of improving maternal and newborn health and leaving no one behind

Polymetallic complexes (Part CIII): Tetrameric complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII,ZnII, CdII and HgII with octadentate azodye ligands, and their potential antibacterial activities

Twelve complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII and HgII with two octadentate oxygen-nitrogen donor azodye ligands have been prepared. The complexes were characterized using analytical, conductance, magnetic susceptibility, IR, electronic spectra E.S.R., NMR, theromgravimetric and X-ray diffraction data. The CoII and NiII complexes are found to be octahedral, CuII complexes are distorted octahedral and a tetrahedral stereochemistry has been attributed to ZnII, CdII and HgII complexes. All the complexes are found to be tetrameric in nature. The antibacterial activities of the ligands and six other complexes with Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris were investigated

Computer-aided synthesis of dapsone-phytochemical conjugates against dapsone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae

Abstract: Leprosy continues to be the belligerent public health hazard for the causation of high disability and eventual morbidity cases with stable prevalence rates, even with treatment by the on-going multidrug therapy (MDT). Today, dapsone (DDS) resistance has led to fear of leprosy in more unfortunate people of certain developing countries. Herein, DDS was chemically conjugated with five phytochemicals independently as dapsone-phytochemical conjugates (DPCs) based on azo-coupling reaction. Possible biological activities were verified with computational chemistry and quantum mechanics by molecular dynamics simulation program before chemical synthesis and spectral characterizations viz., proton-HNMR, FTIR, UV and LC-MS. The in vivo antileprosy activity was monitored using the ‘mouse-foot-pad propagation method’, with WHO recommended concentration 0.01% mg/kg each DPC for 12 weeks, and the host-toxicity testing of the active DPC4 was seen in cultured-human-lymphocytes in vitro. One-log bacilli cells in DDS-resistant infected mice footpads decreased by the DPC4, and no bacilli were found in the DDS-sensitive mice hind pads. Additionally, the in vitro host toxicity study also confirmed that the DCP4 up to 5,000 mg/L level was safety for oral administration, since a minor number of dead cells were found in red color under a fluorescent microscope. Several advanced bioinformatics tools could help locate the potential chemical entity, thereby reducing the time and resources required for in vitro and in vitro tests. DPC4 could be used in place of DDS in MDT, evidenced from in vivo antileprosy activity and in vitro host toxicity study

High Throughput Deep Sequencing Reveals the Important Roles of MicroRNAs During Sweetpotato Storage at Chilling Temperature

Sweetpotato (Impomoea batatas L.) is a globally important economic food crop with a potential of becoming a bioenergy and pharmaceutical crop. Thus, studying the molecular mechanism of tuberous root development and storage is very important. However, not too much progress has been made in this field. In this study, we employed the next generation high-throughput deep sequencing technology to sequence all small RNAs and degradome of sweetpotato for systematically investigating sweetpotato response to chilling stress during storage. A total of 190 known microRNAs (miRNAs) and 191 novel miRNAs were identified, and 428 transcripts were targeted by 184 identified miRNAs. More importantly, we identified 26 miRNAs differentially expressed between chilling stress and control conditions. The expression of these miRNAs and their targets was also confirmed by qRT- PCR. Integrated analysis of small RNAs and degradome sequencing reveals that miRNA-mediated SA signaling, ABA-dependent, and ROS response pathways are involved in sweetpotato root response to chilling stress during storage

Polymetallic complexes (Part CIII): Tetrameric complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII,ZnII, CdII and HgII with octadentate azodye ligands, and their potential antibacterial activities

Twelve complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII and HgII with two octadentate oxygen-nitrogen donor azodye ligands have been prepared. The complexes were characterized using analytical, conductance, magnetic susceptibility, IR, electronic spectra E.S.R., NMR, theromgravimetric and X-ray diffraction data. The CoII and NiII complexes are found to be octahedral, CuII complexes are distorted octahedral and a tetrahedral stereochemistry has been attributed to ZnII, CdII and HgII complexes. All the complexes are found to be tetrameric in nature. The antibacterial activities of the ligands and six other complexes with Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris were investigated

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Not AvailableDue to continuous anthropogenic activities and other natural changes, aquatic ecosystems are under increasing stress. Metagenomics aided by next-generation sequencing techniques provides in-depth insights into microbiome dynamics from multitude of aquatic resources thus contributes in understanding the physiological, metabolic, and ecological roles of microbial assemblies. Monitoring of diverse aquatic resources using metagenomics has the potential to efficiently characterize diverse range of microbiomes with relevant functional pathways. Contributions made by high-throughput second and third generation sequencing platforms are noteworthy in monitoring aquatic microbial biodiversity through characterization of genetic variations which is indicative of changing environmental adaptations. Analysis of sequence and function driven metagenomics enable elucidation of enzymatic pathways leading to the discovery of novel gene sequences with desired functions having ecological, industrial and pharmaceutical importance. This review seeks to define the role of metagenomics in exploring aquatic microbiota in terms of toxicological exposure, genome heterogeneity, assessment, and the management of aquatic ecosystem by utilizing microbial bio-indicators. We have also enlisted various high-throughput computational biology packages and tools exclusively used to handle metagenomic data along with the challenges and future perspectives. Owing to global climate change and massive human-induced alterations in aquatic ecosystems, we expect that the on-going whole-genome metagenomics studies in combination with "meta-OMICS" approaches would transform our comprehension of microbiome community structure, function and ecology at high resolution.Not Availabl

Delineation of molecular interactions of plant growth promoting bacteria induced β-1,3-glucanases and guanosine triphosphate ligand for antifungal response in rice: a molecular dynamics approach

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGAbstract Background The plant growth is influenced by multiple interactions with biotic (microbial) and abiotic components in their surroundings. These microbial interactions have both positive and negative effects on plant. Plant growth promoting bacterial (PGPR) interaction could result in positive growth under normal as well as in stress conditions. Methods Here, we have screened two PGPR’s and determined their potential in induction of specific gene in host plant to overcome the adverse effect of biotic stress caused by Magnaporthe grisea , a fungal pathogen that cause blast in rice. We demonstrated the glucanase protein mode of action by performing comparative modeling and molecular docking of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) ligand with the protein. Besides, molecular dynamic simulations have been performed to understand the behavior of the glucanase-GTP complex. Results The results clearly showed that selected PGPR was better able to induce modification in host plant at morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular level by activating the expression of β-1,3-glucanases gene in infected host plant. The docking results indicated that Tyr75, Arg256, Gly258, and Ser223 of glucanase formed four crucial hydrogen bonds with the GTP, while, only Val220 found to form hydrophobic contact with ligand. Conclusions The PGPR able to induce β-1,3-glucanases gene in host plant upon pathogenic interaction and β-1,3-glucanases form complex with GTP by hydrophilic interaction for induction of defense cascade for acquiring resistance against Magnaporthe grisea. Graphical abstractMinistry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, India | Ref. 4-1/2013-A&PUniversidade de Vigo | Ref. 50110000676