The impacts of alkaline mine drainage on ba, cr, ni, pb and zn concentration in the water resources of the takht coal mine, iran

The release of heavy metals into the environment represents one of the most important environmental effects involved in extracting coal; it needs to be studied more fully. The present research investigatedthe effects of coal-mining in an alkaline environment and alkaline mine drainage in the Takht coal mine regarding the distribution of selected heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Ba) on the region's surface andground water . The mine is located 12 Km southeast of Minoodasht, in Golestan province in northern Iran. Samples were collected from groundwater and surface water resources upstream and downstream of themine. The elements' concentrations were measured by the inductively-coupled mass spectrometry (ICPMS) method. The results showed that an alkaline environment was responsible for producing alkaline minedrainage due to the presence of limestone; this caused high pH (8.41) in the area's groundwater resources. Mining activities increased Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn concentration in the groundwater from 3.39, 0.5, 0.2,0.5, 9.2 ppb to 83.52, 2.2, 0.6, 2.6, 48.3 ppb and from 68.7, 0.5, 1.3, 0.8, 172.6 ppb to 91, 1.2, 4.5, 1.3, 27.6 ppb in surface water, respectively. Due to the basic environment, heavy metal accumulation in the bedsediment for both tunnel effluents and runoffs was higher than during the soluble phase. pH was the main controlling factor in elements' solubility and their distribution in the environment. Increased Ba concentrationin water resources was due to high Ba concentration in the coal, coal tailing and in quarry tailings

The impacts of alkaline mine drainage on Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn concentration in the water resources of the Takht coal mine, Iran

The release of heavy metals into the environment represents one of the most important environmental effects involved in extracting coal; it needs to be studied more fully. The present research investigatedthe effects of coal-mining in an alkaline environment and alkaline mine drainage in the Takht coal mine regarding the distribution of selected heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Ba) on the region's surface andground water . The mine is located 12 Km southeast of Minoodasht, in Golestan province in northern Iran. Samples were collected from groundwater and surface water resources upstream and downstream of themine. The elements' concentrations were measured by the inductively-coupled mass spectrometry (ICPMS) method. The results showed that an alkaline environment was responsible for producing alkaline minedrainage due to the presence of limestone; this caused high pH (8.41) in the area's groundwater resources. Mining activities increased Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn concentration in the groundwater from 3.39, 0.5, 0.2,0.5, 9.2 ppb to 83.52, 2.2, 0.6, 2.6, 48.3 ppb and from 68.7, 0.5, 1.3, 0.8, 172.6 ppb to 91, 1.2, 4.5, 1.3, 27.6 ppb in surface water, respectively. Due to the basic environment, heavy metal accumulation in the bedsediment for both tunnel effluents and runoffs was higher than during the soluble phase. pH was the main controlling factor in elements' solubility and their distribution in the environment. Increased Ba concentrationin water resources was due to high Ba concentration in the coal, coal tailing and in quarry tailings

NRC-CNBC Annual Report 2007 Effects of Additives on the Structure of Rhamnolipid (Biosurfactant): A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) Study

Biosurfactants are surface active agents produced by microorganisms. The rhamnolipids used in this study, R1 and R2, are biosurfactants from the glycolipid group produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa The scattering data of the 2% rhamnolipid/D2O solutions containing 100mg/L of various ions (i.e., Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ and all three) obtained from E3 diffractometer The SANS data in The best fitting curve does not agree with the SANS data very well at low q, presumably due to the strong influence of interparticle interaction (known as the "structure factor") or the existence of another population of smaller aggregates (e.g. micelles). However, the feature of oscillation and the position of the broad peak are captured, indicative of reasonably reliable size and polydispersity from the best fitting result. In the case of S#4, whose pH value is lower than that of S#1, the scattering pattern also shows a q -2 dependence at low q. However, the absolute intensity is slightly higher than that of S#1 at the same q-range and the intensity oscillation is almost absent with the broad peak seemingly shifting to a lower q value, indicative of a higher polydispersity and slightly larger particles in the system. After fitting the data using the same model, the bilayer thickness, diameter and polydispersity of the S#4 vesicles are obtained to be 14 ± 1, 580 ± 50 Å and 0.38 ± 0.10, respectively. For both S#2 and S#3 (at strong basic condition), the intensity decays as a function of q -4 (corresponding to Porod's la