Utilization of heat precipitated whey protein

The purpose of this study was to coagulate whey protein by heat denaturation, recover it, and use it in food products. Fresh liquid whey at pH 4.5 was heated at 90°C for 20 minutes. Heated whey was cooled to room temperature (about 25°C) and centrifuged 15 minutes at 750xg. About 42 percent of the protein was recovered. The mean particle diameter of the sedimented material was 29.5μ. Electrophoresis indicated that blood serum albumin and 3-lactoglobulin were essentially precipitated while some a-lactalbumin remained in suspension. The sediment was collected and used as a basic matrix in sandwich spread and as a partial replacement of NFDM in ice cream. The products showed desirable quality when examined by sensory panels. Up to 30 per-cent of the NFDM in ice cream could be replaced

The effects of acylation on the functionality and performance of cottonseed flour

The purposes of this study were to acylate glandless cottonseed flour by using succinic anhydride and then to study the functionality and performance of acylated flour. Glandless cottonseed flour was acylated by adding one-tenth gram of succinic anhydride per gram flour. The anhydride was added to the flour suspension over a period of 60 minutes with constant stirring at room temperature (23-24°C.). The pH of the reaction was maintained at pH 8 (±0.5) by addition of 50 percent NaOH. After the reaction was finished, the pH of the flour suspension was lowered to pH 4 (±0.5). The acylated flour was recovered by centrifugation, washed with water to remove residual succinate, and freeze-dried. Physical functionality of acylated cottonseed flour was measured, Water and oil holding capacities were increased while emulsifying capacity was reduced. Acylated cottonseed flour and untreated cottonseed flour were used as a replacement for 6 or 12 percent of the wheat flour in white layer cakes. The quality of these cakes was inferior to controls made with all wheat flour

Residual Tumor Confers a 10-Fold Increased Risk of Regrowth in Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors.

ObjectiveWe evaluated tumor recurrence and regrowth rates following endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal (TNTS) surgical removal in a consecutive series of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (CNFTs).DesignRetrospective chart review of clinical, biochemical, and sellar MRI findings in all TNTS surgeries in patients with CNFT, performed by a single surgeon, between 2008 and 2015 (n = 280).PatientsNinety-three patients met eligibility criteria, with complete clinical, biochemical, and imaging follow-up for a 3-year minimum.ResultsOf 85 patients who were not irradiated, 3-month postsurgical MRI demonstrated no residual tumor in 58 of 85 (68.2%), equivocal findings in 12 of 85 (14.1%), and definite residual tumor in 15 of 85 (17.6%) patients. Six of 85 (7.1%) demonstrated tumor regrowth by 3 years, and 2 further patients demonstrated true tumor recurrence at 3 and 6 years after surgery, respectively, for a total recurrence rate of 9.4% (8 of 85). Eight of the 93 patients were irradiated between 3 months and 4 years after pituitary surgery. In 3 patients with tumor regrowth, 2 exhibited residual tumor and 1 had no residual findings at the 3-month postoperative imaging. Overall, Ki-67 labeling index or Knosp grading did not predict recurrence.ConclusionTumor recurrence at 3 years was low (1 of 58; 1.7%) if the 3-month postoperative MRI showed no residual tumor. The findings support a less frequent imaging schedule for this group. Patients with definite residual tumor visible at 3 months harbor the greatest risk for tumor growth, but regrowth does not occur in all patients (6 of 15; 40%)

WEB ATTACKS AND DEFENSES

Because of the limited data that web applications collect from users, they are subject to information security risks. The most effective way to retain data in the modern era is through online applications. The process of providing data and data systems with appropriate procedural and sophisticated security safeguards is known as cybersecurity. Threats to cyber security are increasing at times. A flaw or weakness in a computer system, security tactics, internal controls, planning, or implementation that can compromise the security policy of a framework is known as a web vulnerability. The social, economic and political spheres of governments can be disrupted due to a vulnerability in the Internet, which can have an impact on the state. An effort is made to identify the defects and weaknesses while studying the weakness in order to take advantage of these weaknesses. The aim of this study is to identify the types of intrusions, find vulnerabilities, and review regulations for vulnerable systems detected in online applications

Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to COVID-19

A 67-year-old female presented with upper respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with COVID-19. She was found to have a large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with echocardiographic signs of tamponade and mild left ventricular impairment. Clinical course was complicated by development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. She was treated with pericardiocentesis, colchicine, corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine with improvement in symptoms

Diffraction Symmetry in Crystalline, Close-Packed C60

We have grown crystals of the carbon structure C60 by sublimation. In contrast to solution-grown crystals, the sublimed crystals have long range order with no evidence of solvent inclusions. Sublimed C60 forms three dimensional, faceted crystals with a close-packed, face-centered cubic unit cell. We have refined a crystal structure using the "soccer ball" model of the C60 molecule. The results indicate that the C60 molecule has the expected spherical shape, however the data are not sufficiently accurate to unambiguously determine atomic positions

Investigation into the characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based power system

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology.Fuel cells (FCs) use hydrogen as their prime fuel source, which promotes them as one of the attractive options for clean energy generators. Though they have been around for some time, their characteristics are not yet fully understood. This study offers a thorough investigation into the characteristics of proton exchange membrane (PEM) type of FCs based power system. This study first presents a concise explanation of the working principles of the PEM electrolyser and FCs supported by novel modelling using MATLAB. The simulation results are then validated by a series of experiments carried out on operational 500 mW FC followed by detailed performance parameters of such type of FCs. Parameters affect the efficiencies of each part of the system are investigated and the total system's efficiency is then calculated. The efficiency of the electrolyser and PEM FC was found to be 85 and 60%, respectively. Polarisation curve has been used in order to evaluate FC's performance. From the polarisation curve, it is noted the efficiency of the FC increases with increasing pressure and temperature. The activation losses are reduced when the temperature increased. Moreover, the mass transfer is enhanced toward reducing the PEMFC's resistance