2,821 research outputs found
Faraday rotation: effect of magnetic field reversals
The standard formula for the rotation measure, RM, which determines the
position angle, , due to Faraday rotation, includes
contributions only from the portions of the ray path where the natural modes of
the plasma are circularly polarized. In small regions of the ray path where the
projection of the magnetic field on the ray path reverses sign (called QT
regions) the modes are nearly linearly polarized. The neglect of QT regions in
estimating RM is not well justified at frequencies below a transition frequency
where mode coupling changes from strong to weak. By integrating the
polarization transfer equation across a QT region in the latter limit, I
estimate the additional contribution needed to correct this
omission. In contrast with a result proposed by \cite{BB10}, is
small and probably unobservable. I identify a new source of circular
polarization, due to mode coupling in an asymmetric QT region. I also identify
a new circular-polarization-dependent correction to the dispersion measure at
low frequencies.Comment: 25 pages 1 figure, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
Inside the Bondi radius of M87
Chandra X-ray observations of the nearby brightest cluster galaxy M87 resolve
the hot gas structure across the Bondi accretion radius of the central
supermassive black hole, a measurement possible in only a handful of systems
but complicated by the bright nucleus and jet emission. By stacking only short
frame-time observations to limit pileup, and after subtracting the nuclear PSF,
we analysed the X-ray gas properties within the Bondi radius at 0.12-0.22 kpc
(1.5-2.8 arcsec), depending on the black hole mass. Within 2 kpc radius, we
detect two significant temperature components, which are consistent with
constant values of 2 keV and 0.9 keV down to 0.15 kpc radius. No evidence was
found for the expected temperature increase within ~0.25 kpc due to the
influence of the SMBH. Within the Bondi radius, the density profile is
consistent with . The lack of a temperature increase inside
the Bondi radius suggests that the hot gas structure is not dictated by the
SMBH's potential and, together with the shallow density profile, shows that the
classical Bondi rate may not reflect the accretion rate onto the SMBH. If this
density profile extends in towards the SMBH, the mass accretion rate onto the
SMBH could be at least two orders of magnitude less than the Bondi rate, which
agrees with Faraday rotation measurements for M87. We discuss the evidence for
outflow from the hot gas and the cold gas disk and for cold feedback, where gas
cooling rapidly from the hot atmosphere could feed the cirumnuclear disk and
fuel the SMBH. At 0.2 kpc radius, the cooler X-ray temperature component
represents ~20% of the total X-ray gas mass and, by losing angular momentum to
the hot gas component, could provide a fuel source of cold clouds within the
Bondi radius.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted by MNRA
The effect of biologging devices on reproduction, growth and survival of adult sea turtles
This is the final version. Available from BMC via the DOI in this record.The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available
from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Background
Telemetry and biologging systems, ‘tracking’ hereafter, have been instrumental in meeting the challenges associated with studying the ecology and behaviour of cryptic, wide-ranging marine mega-vertebrates. Over recent decades, globally, sea turtle tracking has increased exponentially, across species and life-stages, despite a paucity of studies investigating the effects of such devices on study animals. Indeed, such studies are key to informing whether data collected are unbiased and, whether derived estimates can be considered typical of the population at large.
Methods
Here, using a 26-year individual-based monitoring dataset on sympatric green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) turtles, we provide the first analysis of the effects of device attachment on reproduction, growth and survival of nesting females.
Results
We found no significant difference in growth and reproductive correlates between tracked and non-tracked females in the years following device attachment. Similarly, when comparing pre- and post-tracking data, we found no significant difference in the reproductive correlates of tracked females for either species or significant carry-over effects of device attachment on reproductive correlates in green turtles. The latter was not investigated for loggerhead turtles due to small sample size. Finally, we found no significant effects of device attachment on return rates or survival of tracked females for either species.
Conclusion
While there were no significant detrimental effects of device attachment on adult sea turtles in this region, our study highlights the need for other similar studies elsewhere and the value of long-term individual-based monitoring
Mini review of current practice in the assessment of cumulative environmental effects of UK Offshore Renewable Energy Developments when carried out to aid decision making in a regulatory context. Report to NERC Marine Renewable Energy Knowledge Exchange Programme (MREKEP)
Where are all the gravastars? Limits upon the gravastar model from accreting black holes
The gravastar model, which postulates a strongly correlated thin shell of
anisotropic matter surrounding a region of anti-de Sitter space, has been
proposed as an alternative to black holes. We discuss constraints that
present-day observations of well-known black hole candidates place on this
model. We focus upon two black hole candidates known to have extraordinarily
low luminosities: the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center,
Sagittarius A*, and the stellar-mass black hole, XTE J1118+480. We find that
the length scale for modifications of the type discussed in Chapline et al.
(2003) must be sub-Planckian.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
VLBI observations of the Crab nebula pulsar
Observations were made at meter wave-lengths using very long base-line interferometry techniques. At 196.5 MHz no resolution of the pulsar are observed; all the pulse shapes observed with the interferometers are similar to single dish profiles, and all the power pulsates. At 111.5 MHz besides the pulsing power there is always a steady component, presumably due to interstellar scattering. The pulsar is slightly resolved at 111.5 MHz with an apparent angular diameter of 0.07 sec ? 0.01 sec. A 50 percent linear polarization of the time-averaged power is noted at 196.5 MHz; at 111.5 MHz, 20 percent of the total time-averaged power is polarized, 35 percent of the pulsing power is polarized, and the steady component is unpolarized
The Equation of State of Neutron-Star Matter in Strong Magnetic Fields
We study the effects of very strong magnetic fields on the equation of state
(EOS) in multicomponent, interacting matter by developing a covariant
description for the inclusion of the anomalous magnetic moments of nucleons.
For the description of neutron star matter, we employ a field-theoretical
approach which permits the study of several models which differ in their
behavior at high density. Effects of Landau quantization in ultra-strong
magnetic fields ( Gauss) lead to a reduction in the electron
chemical potential and a substantial increase in the proton fraction. We find
the generic result for Gauss that the softening of the EOS caused
by Landau quantization is overwhelmed by stiffening due to the incorporation of
the anomalous magnetic moments of the nucleons. In addition, the neutrons
become completely spin polarized. The inclusion of ultra-strong magnetic fields
leads to a dramatic increase in the proton fraction, with consequences for the
direct Urca process and neutron star cooling. The magnetization of the matter
never appears to become very large, as the value of never deviates from
unity by more than a few percent. Our findings have implications for the
structure of neutron stars in the presence of large frozen-in magnetic fields.Comment: 40 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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