Preliminary Observations of the Jovian 6190A Methane Band

Width of Jovian 6190A methane ban

Fatigue crack growth model RANDOM2 user manual, appendix 1

The FORTRAN program RANDOM2 is documented. RANDOM2 is based on fracture mechanics using a probabilistic fatigue crack growth model. It predicts the random lifetime of an engine component to reach a given crack size. Included in this user manual are details regarding the theoretical background of RANDOM2, input data, instructions and a sample problem illustrating the use of RANDOM2. Appendix A gives information on the physical quantities, their symbols, FORTRAN names, and both SI and U.S. Customary units. Appendix B includes photocopies of the actual computer printout corresponding to the sample problem. Appendices C and D detail the IMSL, Ver. 10(1), subroutines and functions called by RANDOM2 and a SAS/GRAPH(2) program that can be used to plot both the probability density function (p.d.f.) and the cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.)

Fatigue crack growth model RANDOM2 user manual. Appendix 1: Development of advanced methodologies for probabilistic constitutive relationships of material strength models

FORTRAN program RANDOM2 is presented in the form of a user's manual. RANDOM2 is based on fracture mechanics using a probabilistic fatigue crack growth model. It predicts the random lifetime of an engine component to reach a given crack size. Details of the theoretical background, input data instructions, and a sample problem illustrating the use of the program are included

Cratering history of Miranda

The surface of the southern hemisphere of Miranda imaged by Voyager 2 is divisible into two general types of terrain: cratered terrain, characterized by numerous craters and undulating intercrater plains; and basins, circular to rectangular areas of complex morphology having large-scale albedo markings. To determine the relative ages of the terrains and the length of geological activity, crater-frequency data were compiled for various parts of the cratered terrain and basins. Crater-frequency data indicate that the cratered terrain is the oldest terrain on Miranda and that it was locally resurfaced

Geology and cratering history of Ariel

The surface of Ariel imaged by Voyager 2 can be divided into several types of terrain on the basis of morphology: cratered terrain, subdued terrain, ridged terrain, and plains. Crater statistics were compiled for each of the terrain types. Despite differing morphology, the various terrains on Ariel do not exhibit large variations in crater frequency. None of the observed surfaces on Ariel record the period of accretion. It seems that conditions appropriate for resurfacing could have occurred during the early history of Ariel

Policy-making in the European Union: a study of the nature of the European Union through the examination of its policy process

This study has discussed the policy process of the European Union in order to illuminate major aspects of the nature of this peculiar and unique political system. The discussion necessarily involves an examination of traditional integration theories, but it concentrates primarily on policy analysis which is based on extensive empirical research and supported by secondaiy literature and theoretical deliberations. The major research for this project was carried out between 1990 and 1994, in the form of mail surveys, interviews, non-participatory observation and scrutiny of documentation and secondary literature. The empirical approach adopted here is regarded as superior to purely theory-based research, because the former provides more insight into the nature of the European Union than the latter. The thesis consists principally of a discussion of the general nature of the policy process in the European Union, but contains also a more detailed case study on food policy-making. The findings in this study confirm that there is a marked gap between formal policy procedures and the way in which policy is actually carried out Consequently, policy-making in the European Union is very varied and dynamic, and cannot be encapsulated into a single static conceptual framework. The gap is explained in terms of the influence of informal factors on policy-making, namely the involvement of private interests, the varied interpretations of the formal provisions which flourish due to Treaty ambiguities and the mediating effects of manifold political and cultural agendas. The actual influence of private interests is difficult to measure, and data are contradictory, but it is nonetheless evident that influence is disproportionately low compared to the extent of consultation and lobbying that characterises policy-making in the European Union. However, as far as broad developments are concerned, business and other economic interests have had significant influence on EU developments - but only if their interests did not diverge too markedly from the political priorities of the most senior European politicians. This finding confirms that, despite many bureaucratic and technocratic elements, the European Union is an intensely political system. Within the realm of politics, national self4nterests remain dominant, even though they are constantly challenged and mediated by other political and non-political concertinos. The predominance of national concerns is however constantly reinforced by the hybrid structures of the European Union. It is argued in the thesis that empirical policy studies must be embedded in a suitable conceptual framework so that they do not result lii purely descriptive exercises. Therefore, considerable attention has been given to constructing such a framework. The latter is based broadly on policy networks analysis but emphasises the problems and limitations of this approach and expands the basic concept in order to take account of the idiosyncrasies of the European Union which is a unique political system

Library Economic Metrics: Examples of the Comparison of Electronic and Print Journal Collections and Collection Services

published or submitted for publicatio

Competing orders and inter-layer tunnelling in cuprate superconductors: A finite temperature Landau theory

We propose a finite temperature Landau theory that describes competing orders and interlayer tunneling in cuprate superconductors as an important extension to a corresponding theory at zero temperature [Nature {\bf 428}, 53 (2004)], where the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ is defined in three possible ways as a function of the zero temperature order parameter. For given parameters, our theory determines $T_c$ without any ambiguity. In mono- and double-layer systems we discuss the relation between zero temperature order parameter and the associated transition temperature in the presence of competing orders, and draw a connection to the puzzling experimental fact that the pseudo-gap temperature is much higher than the corresponding energy scale near optimum doping. Applying the theory to multi-layer systems, we calculate the layer-number dependence of $T_c$. In a reasonable parameter space the result turns out to be in agreement with experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure