Genetic analysis of polysaccharide deacetylase encoding genes in Bacillus licheniformis with respect to spore germination and biosafety

Wegen der Kontaminationsgefahr durch bakterielle Endosporen werden für industrielle Zwecke Stämme präferiert, die sporulations- oder germinationsnegativ sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit fokussiert auf Polysaccharid-deacetylase (PDA) kodierende Gene, deren Produkte eine mögliche Rolle in der Sporenkeimung spielen. Von sieben in B. licheniformis identifizierten PDA-kodierenden Genen wurden sechs inaktiviert. Zwei Deletionen, vier Disruptionen und drei Doppelmutanten wurden generiert. Mutanten, bei denen yfjS betroffen war, waren in der Sporenkeimung reduziert. Bli02451 Mutanten zeigten eine vom Wildtyp abweichende Koloniemorphologie. Der Wuchs aller Mutanten in Komplex- und Minimalmedium wich nicht vom Wildtyp ab. Es gibt keine Anzeichen für eine Reduktion der extrazellulären Amylasen, Proteasen und Glucanasen. Wegen deutlich verringerter Sporenkeimung, bietet sich die yfjS Mutation für Produktionsstämme an

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Lidah Mertua (Sansevieriae Trifasciata Folium) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli Dan Streptococcus SP

: Mother in law\u27s tongue plant has some active compounds inter alia saponin, polyphenol, and flavonoid that have antibacterial effects. This study aimed to identify whether the antibacterial effects of mother in law\u27s tongue leaf (Sansevieria Trifasciata) towards the growth of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sp. This was an experimental laboratory study. The concentrations of mother in law\u27s tongue leaf extract were tested with well methods, as follows: 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. The results showed that this extract at concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% could inhibit the growth of E. coli with the average diameters of inhibition zones as follows: 7.8 mm, 13 mm, 14.5 mm, and 17.3 mm meanwhile of Streptococcus sp. with the average diameters of inhibition zones, as follows: 4.6 mm, 9.6 mm, 13 mm, and 15.3 mm. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of mother in law\u27s tongue leaves (Sansevieria Trifasciata) has antibacterial activities against the growth of E. coli and Streptococcus sp. The higher the concentration is, the broader the inhibition zone is

Hubungan Obesitas Dengan Tekanan Darah Dan Aktivitas Fisik Pada Remaja Di Kota Bitung

: Obesity is one of the global health problem which is often found. Indonesia is a developing country with high incident of obesity. Adolescents are the age group with high levels of obesity risk. The increasing of obesity followed by increasing co-morbidity the potential to be disease in a later time. Obesity increasing the risk of high blood pressure. Hypertension in adolescents already many found. Hypertension in adolescents is problem because it can be continued in adults. one important factor which play a role in obesity is physical activity. Objective: This research to determine the relationship of obesity with blood pressure and physical activity in adolescents in Bitung. Methodology: This study was observational analytic cross sectional design. Results: There were 60 subjekts as the subject of study that meets the inclusions kriteria which have been measured. Consisted of 21 boys and 39 girls. Of 60 obese adolescents are 34 adolescents with high blood pressure, 26 adolescent with normal blood pressure, 52 adolescent with moderate physical activity, 8 adolescents with low physical activity, there is no a significant relationship with blood pressure (Chi Square Test p=0,120), and there is no a significant relationship with physical activity (Chi Square Test: p=0,486. Conclusion: There is no a relationship between obesity with blood pressure and physical activity in adolescents in Bitung

Prevalensi Hiperkolesterolemia Pada Remaja Obes Di Kabupaten Minahasa

: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Obesity is also a risk factor of hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in obese adolescents in Tondano. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. Population was students of SMK Tondano from grade one to grade three aged 13 to 18 years. Samples were obtained by using simple random sampling. Weight, height, and cholesterol level were measured. There were 54 samples of obese students: 43 females (80%) and 11 males (20%). Of the 54 samples, 6 samples had elevated levels of cholesterol: 5 females (84%) and 1 male (16%). Conclusion: Obese females were more likely to have elevated levels of cholesterol compared to obese males

Gambaran Gula Darah Darah Pada Remaja Obes Di Minahasa

Obesity is an accumulation of excessive fat that can induce insulin resistance. If that happen, the blood sugar inside body will increase (hyperglycemia). Adolesence is impressionable to globalization of the high – fat and low – fiber diets such fast food or junk food. This reason of increasing prevalence of obesity and risk of diabetes mellitus. Blood sugar examination important to prevent the risk of obesity. Population in this research is all adolescence between 13 to 18 years old at Minahasa. Total of sample quantity are 54 students, which consist of 11 boys and 43 girls. Results that 4 girls (7,4%) are hyperglycemia. 11 boys and 39 girls with normal blood sugar. Mean and standar deviation of blood sugar is 82,2+21. This number can be effected by genetics, diets and physical activity of adolescence. Keywords: blood sugar, obesity, adolescence. Obesitas merupakan akumulasi lemak berlebihan yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi insulin. Bila hal ini terjadi, maka gula darah di dalam tubuh meningkat (hiperglikemia). Remaja gampang terpengaruh oleh globalisasi pada pola makan tinggi lemak dan rendah serat seperti fast food atau junk food. Sehingga meningkatkan prevalensi obesitas dan resiko terhadap diabetes mellitus. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja obes usia 13 sampai 18 tahun yang berada di Minahasa. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 54 orang, yang terdiri dari 11 laki-laki dan 43 perempuan. Penelitian ini didapatkan 4 siswa perempuan (7,4%) mengalami hiperglikemia. Sebanyak 11 siswa laki-laki dan 39 siswa perempuan mempunyai kadar gula darah dalam batas normal. Nilai rerata dan standar deviasi gula darah puasa adalah 82,2+21. Hasil penelitian dapat disebabkan faktor genetik, pola makan, dan aktivitas fisik remaja yang mudah terpengaruh dengan globalisasi

Gambaran Asupan Purin Pada Remaja Di Kabupaten Minahasa

: High purine intake can result in hyperuricemia which leads to gouthy arthritis and formation of kidney stone. High purine concentration is mainly contained in animal protein. Minahasa ethnic people have a habit of holding events where there is feast party and the majority of Minahasa signature dishes are animal product. This study aims to describe the purine intake in adolescents in Minahasa Regency. This research design is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 40 study subjects. Sample is students of SMKN 2 and SMKN 3 Tondano in Minahasa Regency. Purine intake is measured by using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The average of purine intake among adolescents in Minahasa Regency is 91,89 to 1028,44 mg/day, 40% adolescents consume purine rich foods, that consist of 35% boys and 5% girls. There are 52,5% adolescents consume foods with moderate purine content in high frequency and 40% adolescents consume foods with high purine content in high frequency. The conclusion of this study is the average of purine intake among adolescents in Minahasa Regency is quite high. It requires dietary knowledge of purine containing foods in order to reduce purine intake to prevent the increasing of hyperuricemia incidence and its impacts

Perbedaan Profil Lipid Pada Remaja Obes Dan Tidak Obes Di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat

: Obesity might cause dyslipidemia, marked by increased cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, as well as reduced HDL level. Dyslipidemia is related to atherosclerosis that can result in cardiovascular diseases. This study was aimed to identify differences of lipid profiles in obese and non-obese teenagers at West Bolangitang, North Bolaang Mongondow. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design conducted from October to November 2016. Subjects were 60 teenagers obtained by using consecutive sampling method and were divided into two groups: obese (29 teenagers) and non-obese (31 teenagers). Lipid profile examinations were performed on all of them. Statistical analysis of total cholesterol level of the two groups used independent t test (p=0.002) dan Pearson correlation test (p=0.028). The normality test of triglyseride level showed that data were not normally distributed, therefore, the analysis was continued with Mann-Whitney test (p=0.328) and Spearman correlation test (p=0.542). The normality test of LDL level showed that data were not normally distributed, therefore, the analysis was continued with Mann-Whitney test (p=0.004) and Spearman correlation test (p=0.032). The normality test of HDL level showed that data were not normally distributed, therefore, the analysis was continued with Mann-Whitney test (p=0.063) and Spearman correlation test (p=0.054). Conclusion: There were significant differences of total cholesterol and LDL levels but there were no significant differences of triglyceride and HDL levels between obese teenagers and non-obese teenagers