A NEW VALIDATED THIRD ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF METOPROLOL SUCCINATE AND RAMIPRIL IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop and validate a new UV derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of metoprolol succinate and ramipril in methanol: water (50:50v/v). Methods: “Zero crossing technique” was chosen for quantitative determination. The zero-crossing points (ZCP’s) were found to be 209 nm where metoprolol succinate was quantified and 211 nm where ramipril was quantified. This method was then subjected to accuracy, linearity, sensitivity and reproducibility according to ICH guidelines to ensure and confirm its validity. Results: The method was found to be obeying Beer’s law in the range of 10-50 µg/ml and 5-25 µg/ml for metoprolol succinate and ramipril, respectively. The % recoveries were observed between the range of 99.2-100.2 for metoprolol succinate and 99.57-99.86 for ramipril. The intra-day and inter-day results showed reproducibility. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the developed third-order UV derivative spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol succinate and ramiprilcan be recommended for routine quantitative analysis

HIGH-QUALITY AIMING CLASSIFICATION TO CONSIGN BUGS

To lower time cost in manual work, text classification techniques are put on conduct automatic bug triage. Within this paper, we address the issue of information reduction for bug triage, i.e., how you can lessen the scale and improve the caliber of bug data. Software companies spend over 45 percent of cost in working with software bugs. An unavoidable step of fixing bugs is bug triage, which aims to properly assign a developer to a different bug. We combine instance selection with feature selection to concurrently reduce data scale around the bug dimension and also the word dimension. To look for the order of using instance selection and have selection, we extract characteristics from historic bug data sets and make a predictive model for any new bug data set. Our work provides a technique for leveraging techniques on information systems to create reduced and-quality bug data in software development and maintenance. We empirically investigate performance of information reduction on totally 600,000 bug reviews of two large free projects, namely Eclipse and Mozilla. The outcomes reveal that our data reduction can effectively lessen the data scale and enhance the precision of bug triage

Pharmacoeconomical evaluation of hypertension with diabetes mellitus in a teaching hospital in urban Bangalore

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate Pharmacoeconomics involved in Hypertension with Type II Diabetes in a tertiary care teaching hospital in urban Bangalore.Methods: The study was conducted among the patients admitted to Inpatient ward of Dr B.R Ambedkar Hospital diagnosed with Type II Diabetes with Hypertension. The data was collected using prevalidated questionnaires which were specially focused on Direct Cost, Indirect Cost & Intangible Cost. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: The overall mean number of hospitalization days was 5.86 ± 0.39. Mean Medication Cost was recorded as Rs 2752 ± 219.7. This study also observed that mean laboratory investigation cost were 447.6 ± 19.66., Travel expenses Rs 584±163.9, Food cost was Rs 324.8 ± 26.90 & lost wages were 1402 ± 150.5. The correlation coefficient was highest between food cost and traveling expenses as 0.88 whereas least between lab investigation and lost wages as 0.001. Thyroid profile test was the costliest test prescribed overall.Conclusions: This study concludes that the there is a huge economic burden on the patient from the lower income group. Medication cost and diagnostic cost are among the major factors that accounts for the total health care cost

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms differ in preferences for eicosanoid species and long-chain fatty acids

Because the signaling eicosanoids, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and HETEs, are esterified to membrane phospholipids, we asked which long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) isoforms would activate these molecules and whether the apparent FA substrate preferences of each ACSL isoform might differ depending on whether it was assayed in mammalian cell membranes or as a purified bacterial recombinant protein. We found that all five ACSL isoforms were able to use EETs and HETEs as substrates and showed by LC-MS/MS that ACSLs produce EET-CoAs. We found differences in substrate preference between ACS assays performed in COS7 cell membranes and recombinant purified proteins. Similarly, preferences and Michaelis-Menten kinetics for long-chain FAs were distinctive. Substrate preferences identified for the purified ACSLs did not correspond to those observed in ACSL-deficient mouse models. Taken together, these data support the concept that each ACSL isoform exhibits a distinct substrate preference, but apparent substrate specificities depend upon multiple factors including membrane character, coactivators, inhibitors, protein interactions, and posttranslational modification

Effect of plant growth-promoting Streptomyces sp. on growth promotion and grain yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)

The physiological and molecular responses of six strains of Streptomyces sp. (CAI-13, CAI-85, CAI-93, CAI-140, CAI-155 and KAI-180), with their proven potential for plant growth-promotion (PGP) in rice were studied to understand the mechanisms causing the beneficial effects. In this investigation, those six strains were evaluated for their PGP capabilities in chickpea in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 post-rainy seasons. All of the Streptomyces sp. strains exhibited enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. At chickpea crop maturity, the Streptomyces strains had enhanced stover yield, grain yield, total dry matter, pod weight, seed number and seed weight in both seasons over the uninoculated control. In the rhizosphere, at crop maturity, the Streptomyces strains also significantly enhanced soil biological and mineral nutrient traits including microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic carbon in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. Of the six strains of Streptomyces sp., CAI-85, CAI-93 and KAI-180 were found superior to CAI-155, CAI-140 and CAI-13, in terms of their effects on root and shoot development, nodule formation and crop productivity. Scanning electron microscopy had revealed the success in colonization of the chickpea roots by all six strains. This investigation further confirms the broad-spectrum of PGP activities by the selected Streptomyces sp

Evaluation of Broad-Spectrum Streptomyces sp. for Plant Growth Promotion Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The study evaluated three strains of Streptomyces (CAI-21, CAI-26 and MMA-32) for their plant growth promoting (PGP) traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions in two consecutive post-rainy seasons, 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, to confirm colonizing ability in chickpea and to demonstrate gene expression profiles of indoleacetic acid, siderophore and β- 1,3-glucanase genes. The Streptomyces enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 d after sowing (DAS) and plant height, pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the uninoculated control. At crop maturity, the Streptomyces enhanced stover yield, grain yield and total dry matter in both seasons over the uninoculated control. In the rhizosphere, the biological and mineral nutrient activities, such as microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon were also found higher in plots inoculated with Streptomyces in both seasons over the uninoculated control plots. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the Streptomyces colonized the roots of chickpea. Quantitative real time PCR analysis on selected PGP genes of Streptomyces revealed up-regulation of β-1,3-glucanase gene in CAI-26, β-1,3-glucanase and siderophore genes (siderophore synthetase) in CAI-21 and β-1,3-glucanase, siderophore (siderophore synthetase) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAAH and IAAM) genes in MMA-32. The three Streptomyces demonstrated broad-spectrum PGP activity

Effects of Aquaculture on Water Quality in Gudivada Region

In the Gudivada region, surface and ground water are important sources for drinking, agriculture, and aquaculture. The environment and human health gets depleted as the water and groundwater become contaminated as a result of man-made activities. The objective of this study is to provide a brief overview of the environmental impact of aquaculture as well as an assessment of ground water quality in the Gudivada Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh. Aquaculture activities have a substantial physical, chemical, and biological influence on water supplies. Physical pressure is exerted on the water; chemically, the water and land are polluted; and biologically, foreign species, infections, and diseases are introduced. For daily change activities, these aquaculture ponds require the mixing of bore-well or creek waters with fresh water; as a result of this practise, the upstream ponds discharging the polluted water into the channels, and the downstream ponds are utilising the same. This is attributed to increase of pollution in the aquatic environment. Over exploitation of water also leads to salt water intrusion, usage of ground water and conversion of land use to aquaculture. Pollution, damage of delicate coastal ecosystems, dangers to aquatic biodiversity, and significant socioeconomic costs are all factors to consider. Change in land distribution data over a period of 2005 to 2021 is collected and water quality parameters are collected and water quality index is assessed at three locations of gudivada region

Evaluation of Streptomyces sp. obtained from herbal vermicompost for broad spectrum of plant growth-promoting activities in chickpea

Five strains of Streptomyces sp. (CAI-24, CAI-121, CAI-127, KAI-32, and KAI-90; demonstrated previously to have potential for control of Fusarium wilt disease in chickpea and plant growth promotion [PGP] in rice) were evaluated for their PGP capabilities in chickpea in the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 post-rainy seasons. The plots inoculated with Streptomyces sp. significantly enhanced number of nodule, nodule weight, root weight, and shoot weight at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and number of pod, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight, and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the un-inoculated control plots. At chickpea crop maturity, all of the Streptomyces strains significantly enhanced stover yield, grain yield, and total dry matter in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. In the rhizosphere, the Streptomyces strains also significantly enhanced soil biological and mineral nutrient activities including microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and organic carbon in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. All of the five strains were found superior in terms of nodule formation, root and shoot development, and crop productivity; however, KAI-xx had little edge over the other five strains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis had revealed the success of colonization by the strains of Streptomyces sp. of the chickpea roots. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of selected PGP genes revealed overall upregulation of β-1,3-glucanase, indole-3-acetic acid, and siderophore genes in the Streptomyces species studied. This investigation further confirms the broad spectrum of PGP activities by the selected Streptomyces sp

The extent of grain yield and plant growth enhancement by plant growth-promoting broad-spectrum Streptomyces sp. in chickpea

The physiological and molecular responses of five strains of Streptomyces sp. (CAI-17, CAI-68, CAI-78, KAI-26 and KAI-27), with their proven potential for charcoal rot disease control in sorghum and plant growth-promotion (PGP) in sorghum and rice, were studied to understand the mechanisms causing the beneficial effects. In this investigation, those five strains were evaluated for their PGP capabilities in chickpea in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 post-rainy seasons. All of the Streptomyces sp. strains exhibited enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. At crop maturity, the Streptomyces strains had enhanced stover yield, grain yield, total dry matter and seed number plant−1 in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. In the rhizosphere, the Streptomyces sp. also significantly enhanced microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic carbon in both seasons over the un-inoculated control. Of the five strains of Streptomyces sp., CAI-17, CAI-68 and CAI-78 were superior to KAI-26 and KAI-27 in terms of their effects on root and shoot development, nodule formation and crop productivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs had revealed the success in colonization of the chickpea roots by all five strains. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of selected PGP genes of actinomycetes revealed the selective up-regulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-related and siderophore-related genes by CAI-68 and of β-1,3-glucanase genes by KAI-2

Bio-active Secondary Metabolities from PGPR and Botanicals

ICRISAThas a large collection of-bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes with agriculturally beneficial traits isolated from various sources of composts and rhizosphere soil samples from sorghum, rice and pigeonpea crops, in addition to potent botanicals. At least 1500 accessions of plant growrth promoting microorganism (PGPM viz. 89 phosphate solublizers, 252 siderophore producers, 198 cellulose degraders, 490 nitrogen fixers, 350 antagonists, 101 entomopathogens and 20 fluorescent Pseudomonads) have been isolated .from the above sources ill addition to 17 botanicals capable of managing Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera .litura, the two' most devastating insect pests of many crops, Bio-active secondary metabolites of the potent PGPM and botanicals (particularly on Anona, Datura, Pongamia, Parthiniuim, Gliricidia, Neem and Jatropha) respon¬sible for managing H. armigera and S. litura) and antagonistic to five disease causing fungi (Fusarium oxyspor:um f. Sp. ciceri, F, udum, F. solani, Sclerotium rolfsi and .Macrophomina phaseolina.) were studied . Secondary metabolites of the potent PGPM strains and botanicals were purified by solvent partitioning, solid phase extraction, TLC and reversed-phase open column chromatography. Stages in purification were monitored by a live/dead assay employing neonates of H. armigera and S. litura or plant pathogenic fungi. Final purification will be done in HPLC and the purified active compound(s) will be identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Purification of the secondary metabolites from the above PGPM and botanicals are on and results will be discussed in presentatio