Measuring inequalities in the distribution of health workers by bi-plot approach: The case of Turkey

Optimal planning of the health workers is of vital importance for a country. Distribution of health workers among provinces in emerging markets is an important development criterion. In this study, biplot graphical approach is used to determine the distribution of health workers. The results of biplot analysis point out that the distribution of the healthcare staff in Turkey is unbalanced. The number of health workers should be planned and considered according to the desire, need, population, target and workload criteria. The new employment opportunities should be created and the workers should be encouraged to serve in low income regions by providing better conditions

Removal of basic dye using raw and acid activated bentonite samples

WOS: 000266947000036PubMed ID: 19188017The adsorption behavior of crystal violet (CV+) from aqueous solution onto raw (RB) and acid activated (AAB) bentonite samples was investigated as a function of parameters such as initial CV+ concentration, contact time and temperature. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The adsorption rate was fast and more than half of the adsorbed-CV+ was removed in the first 55 min for RB and 25 min for 0.2-AAB at the room temperature (C-0 = 1.2 mmol/g). The pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data and rate constants were evaluated. The results best fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model with the rate constant, k(2), in the range of 13.52 x 10(-2) to 5.53 x 10(-2) g/mmol and 52.70 x 10(-2) to 6.69 x 10(-2) mmol/g min for RB and 0.2-AAB sample, respectively (C-0 = 0.1-1.2 mmol/g). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Removal of lead ions by acid activated and manganese oxide-coated bentonite

WOS: 000262292400011PubMed ID: 18501507This paper presents the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqua solutions onto Unye (Turkey) bentonite in raw (RB), acid activated (AAB) and manganese oxide-coated (MCB) forms. Adsorption of Pb(H) by RB, AAB and MCB sample was investigated as a function of the initial Pb(II) concentration, solution pH, ionic strength, temperature and inorganic ligand (Cl-). Changes in the surfaces and structure were characterized by means of XRD, IR and potentiometric titration. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities of RB, AAB and MCB in 0.1 M KNO3 solution were estimated as 16.70, 8.92 and 58.88 mg/g, respectively. The spontaneity of the adsorption process is established by decrease in Delta G which varied from -21.60 to -28.60kJ/mol (RB), -22.63 to -29.98 kJ/moI (AAB) and -19.57 to -26.22 (MCB) in temperature range 303-338 K. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers Views of Teaching as Profession

The teaching profession has been transformed in the last century in terms of its approaches and structures, such as its instructional methods and learning settings. Such transformations affect the motivations that promote choosing it as a career. Recent studies conducted on the reasons for choosing the teaching profession have been carried out with pre- and in-service teachers’ perspectives. The current study explores similar issues within broader views in terms of prospective teachers’ personal views about two essential facets: “Prevailing views that teacher candidates hold about the profession”; “If any correlation exists between reasons for choosing teaching as a career and their disciplines”. Participants were asked to identify their teaching philosophies and reasons for determining this career path in college. The data collection process took place between 2012 and 2014. A total of 253 pre-service teachers enrolled in teacher preparation programs agreed to participate in the study. The results of data analysis indicated that teacher candidates in different disciplines hold similar viewpoints on both research questions. In addition, they stated that they chose the teaching profession because ‘It is a sacred job; the country needs better education; it is an ideal job for females’. Some correlation according to gender emerged for both of the research questions

Structural characterization of aniline-bentonite composite by FTIR, DTA/TG, and PXRD analyses and BET measurement

The aniline species incorporated into the acid-activated bentonite matrices leads to the decay of the skeletal stretches centered at 1041 cm-1 and the rise of new features in the phenyl ring frequency region, 1700-1400 cm-1, demonstrates clearly the influence of the acid activation on the Lewis sites necessary for coordination of aniline to bentonite. The exothermic DTA features at 507, 684, and 725°C indicate the release of both the clusters and the decomposed fragments of the aniline-clay composite, and the highly stable carbonaceous residue, respectively. The basal difference by ?1.0 nm and the much smaller surface area (33.8 m2/g) than that of the nonintercalated bentonite (129.2 m2/g) prove the presence of the tilted aniline species between the interlamellar grooves of the bentonite framework. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.F238The influence of acid activation on the intercalation of aniline species by a bentonite clay was verified by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DTA/TG), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), and surface area measurement techniques. Characteristic vibrational features of the composite were supported by the diffraction patterns and the thermal analysis data. Raw bentonite clay showed highly crystalline layers and quartz impurities. This material was modified by acid activation, resulting in a striking increase (by ~4-fold) in the surface area. Conversely, the incorporation of aniline species into the interlayer protonic centers of the AAB lattice led to a considerable reduction in the surface area. The basal difference by ~1.0 nm observed on An/AAB composite formation, which was corroborated by characteristic ring and N-H vibrational stretches, revealed the presence of host-guest interactions of hydrogen-bonded nature between the interlamellar matrices of AAB and the pi-stacking of aniline clusters where the phenyl groups are slightly canted. The DTA analysis confirmed the loss of anilinium clusters (a mass loss by 1.2%) over the temperature range 271–388°C, whereas the chemically fixed aniline entities (a much higher mass loss: 8.0%) remain stable up to 507°C.The authors are grateful to the Research Foundation of Ondokuz Mayis University for the financial support of this work under Project F238. We also thank Professor Ugur Cevik of Karadeniz Technical University for performing the chemical analysis of the activated clay sample

Characterization and pillaring of a Turkish bentonite (Resadiye)

The shifts of the Si{single bond}O{single bond}Si stretching and the Si{single bond}O{single bond}Al and Si{single bond}O{single bond}Si bending modes, as well as the free silica peak in the IR spectra and the strengthening of the XRD reflections due to the quartz and ?-cristobalite components of the Al-pillared bentonites (Wyoming and Resadiye), are ascribed to the formation of new Si{single bond}O{single bond}Al groups of covalent character. The mass losses in the temperature range 150-700 °C correspond to the dehydration and dehydroxylation processes. The total mass losses of the Al-pillared bentonites (Wyoming and Resadiye) are close to each other at an OH/Al ratio of 2.2, but calcination from 400 to 600 °C causes the surface area of the latter composite to decrease by 13%. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.F338The authors are grateful to the Research Foundation of Ondokuz Mayis University for financial support under Project F338

Determination of adsorptive properties of a Turkish Sepiolite for removal of Reactive Blue 15 anionic dye from aqueous solutions

WOS: 000262292400067PubMed ID: 18534746Reactive Blue 15 (RB 15) adsorption on the Turkish Sepiolite was carried out by batch equilibrium technique. IR spectrum and surface area measurement of the composite of dye-sepiolite (Turkish) pointed out that dye species replaced partly the zeolitic water to form hydrogen bond with bound water and adsorbed to the channels sites. The effects of temperature, pH and ionic strength on adsorption of dye molecules were investigated and the nature of adsorption process was determined by calculating Delta H, Delta S and Delta G values. The adsorbed amount increased with increase in temperature, but that for high pH values decreased for the adsorption of reactive dye. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Structural characteristics of organo-modified bentonites of different origin

Organobentonites were synthesized by treating Na-bentonites (Wyoming and Reşadiye) with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using ion exchange method. The difference in the basal spacing by 0.65 Å and a higher mass loss by 13.32% of organobentonite (Wyoming) in the temperature range 200-550°C comparing with that of organobentonite (Reşadiye) were in conformity with the CEC values of organobentonites. The HOH stretching and bending peaks of bentonites became sharper following the treatment with the organo-cation. The intensity decrease of the Al-OH band for organobentonite (Reşadiye) and in particular, the significantly higher amount of m-cresol retained by the organobentonite of lower CEC than that by the organobentonite (Wyoming) indicate the influence of the CP cation on the adsorption process. © Springer-Verlag 2007.F338The authors are grateful to the Research Foundation of Ondokuz Mayis University for the financial support under the Project number F338

Structural analysis of naproxen-intercalated bentonite (Unye)

The difference in the basal spacing (8.79Å) and a higher mass loss (6.2%) in the temperature range of 200-750°C of naproxen-bentonite (N-bentonite) comparing to that of Unye bentonite (UB) signified the existence of thermally stable organic species in the interlamellar space of the bentonite clay. The asymmetric OCO- stretching band (1607cm-1) of N-bentonite became stronger in the temperature interval of 100-400°C as a result of binding via the CO group of the ligand to exchangeable cation and/or water molecule whereas the OH bending peak of water (1633cm-1) and the CC stretching vibration of aromatic ring (1531cm-1) became weaker on thermal treatment. The effect of ionic strength on the desorption of naproxen species and the related kinetic data revealed that the release mechanism at pH=7.4 is unrestricted diffusion controlled and governed by the repulsive interactions between the bentonite surface and the negatively charged species. The pore structure characteristics of the bentonite samples corresponding to the surface area, pore volume and pore size were determined by using the conventional analysis of the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. © 2011 Elsevier B.V