Measuring inequalities in the distribution of health workers by bi-plot approach: The case of Turkey

Optimal planning of the health workers is of vital importance for a country. Distribution of health workers among provinces in emerging markets is an important development criterion. In this study, biplot graphical approach is used to determine the distribution of health workers. The results of biplot analysis point out that the distribution of the healthcare staff in Turkey is unbalanced. The number of health workers should be planned and considered according to the desire, need, population, target and workload criteria. The new employment opportunities should be created and the workers should be encouraged to serve in low income regions by providing better conditions

Removal of basic dye using raw and acid activated bentonite samples

WOS: 000266947000036PubMed ID: 19188017The adsorption behavior of crystal violet (CV+) from aqueous solution onto raw (RB) and acid activated (AAB) bentonite samples was investigated as a function of parameters such as initial CV+ concentration, contact time and temperature. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The adsorption rate was fast and more than half of the adsorbed-CV+ was removed in the first 55 min for RB and 25 min for 0.2-AAB at the room temperature (C-0 = 1.2 mmol/g). The pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data and rate constants were evaluated. The results best fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model with the rate constant, k(2), in the range of 13.52 x 10(-2) to 5.53 x 10(-2) g/mmol and 52.70 x 10(-2) to 6.69 x 10(-2) mmol/g min for RB and 0.2-AAB sample, respectively (C-0 = 0.1-1.2 mmol/g). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Measuring inequalities in the distribution of health workers by bi-plot approach: The case of Turkey

Optimal planning of the health workers is of vital importance for a country. Distribution of health workers among provinces in emerging markets is an important development criterion. In this study, biplot graphical approach is used to determine the distribution of health workers. The results of biplot analysis point out that the distribution of the healthcare staff in Turkey is unbalanced. The number of health workers should be planned and considered according to the desire, need, population, target and workload criteria. The new employment opportunities should be created and the workers should be encouraged to serve in low income regions by providing better conditions.</jats:p

Removal of lead ions by acid activated and manganese oxide-coated bentonite

WOS: 000262292400011PubMed ID: 18501507This paper presents the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqua solutions onto Unye (Turkey) bentonite in raw (RB), acid activated (AAB) and manganese oxide-coated (MCB) forms. Adsorption of Pb(H) by RB, AAB and MCB sample was investigated as a function of the initial Pb(II) concentration, solution pH, ionic strength, temperature and inorganic ligand (Cl-). Changes in the surfaces and structure were characterized by means of XRD, IR and potentiometric titration. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities of RB, AAB and MCB in 0.1 M KNO3 solution were estimated as 16.70, 8.92 and 58.88 mg/g, respectively. The spontaneity of the adsorption process is established by decrease in Delta G which varied from -21.60 to -28.60kJ/mol (RB), -22.63 to -29.98 kJ/moI (AAB) and -19.57 to -26.22 (MCB) in temperature range 303-338 K. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Structural characterization of aniline-bentonite composite by FTIR, DTA/TG, and PXRD analyses and BET measurement

The aniline species incorporated into the acid-activated bentonite matrices leads to the decay of the skeletal stretches centered at 1041 cm-1 and the rise of new features in the phenyl ring frequency region, 1700-1400 cm-1, demonstrates clearly the influence of the acid activation on the Lewis sites necessary for coordination of aniline to bentonite. The exothermic DTA features at 507, 684, and 725°C indicate the release of both the clusters and the decomposed fragments of the aniline-clay composite, and the highly stable carbonaceous residue, respectively. The basal difference by ?1.0 nm and the much smaller surface area (33.8 m2/g) than that of the nonintercalated bentonite (129.2 m2/g) prove the presence of the tilted aniline species between the interlamellar grooves of the bentonite framework. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.F238The influence of acid activation on the intercalation of aniline species by a bentonite clay was verified by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DTA/TG), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), and surface area measurement techniques. Characteristic vibrational features of the composite were supported by the diffraction patterns and the thermal analysis data. Raw bentonite clay showed highly crystalline layers and quartz impurities. This material was modified by acid activation, resulting in a striking increase (by ~4-fold) in the surface area. Conversely, the incorporation of aniline species into the interlayer protonic centers of the AAB lattice led to a considerable reduction in the surface area. The basal difference by ~1.0 nm observed on An/AAB composite formation, which was corroborated by characteristic ring and N-H vibrational stretches, revealed the presence of host-guest interactions of hydrogen-bonded nature between the interlamellar matrices of AAB and the pi-stacking of aniline clusters where the phenyl groups are slightly canted. The DTA analysis confirmed the loss of anilinium clusters (a mass loss by 1.2%) over the temperature range 271–388°C, whereas the chemically fixed aniline entities (a much higher mass loss: 8.0%) remain stable up to 507°C.The authors are grateful to the Research Foundation of Ondokuz Mayis University for the financial support of this work under Project F238. We also thank Professor Ugur Cevik of Karadeniz Technical University for performing the chemical analysis of the activated clay sample