Protective activity of ethanol extract of three Achillea species against lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage in vitro

The present study was designed to investigate the protective ability of the ethanol extracts of Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. aleppica (AA), Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. zederbaueri (Hayek) Hub.-Mor (AZ) and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (AB) against the lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage induced by Fenton system. Ethanol extract of Achillea species were evaluated by quantifying the ability of different concentrations of plant extracts to supress Fe2+ -induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation by ethanol extracts of AA, AB and AZ was the result of their scavenging effect on Fe2+/ascorbate generated free radicals.The ability of AA, AZ and AB to prevent oxidative damage to bovine serum albumin (BSA) induced by Fe3+/H2O2 and ascorbic acid was investigated. The ethanol extracts of AA, AB and AZ at different concentrations (50–1000 μg ml−1) efficiently prevented protein oxidation induced by hydroxyl radical as assayed by protein oxidation markers including protein carbonyl formation (PCO). We have also investigated the effect of ethanol extracts of AA, AB and AZ on DNA cleavage induced by UV-photolysis of H2O2 using pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA. These extracts significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. aleppica (AA), Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. zederbaueri (Hayek) Hub.-Mor (AZ) and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. extracts may be useful in the food industry as effective synthetic antioxidants

Evaluation of Silybum marianum seed extract and vitamin B6 derivatives on methylglyoxal and sugar-induced oxidative DNA damage

Reducing sugars are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly by means of the glycation reaction. The hydroxyl radical, a prominent entity of ROS, is known to alter cellular DNA and induces damage to DNA, and plays a role in diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In this study, the oxidative damage of DNA induced by the lysine/Fe 3+ /MG reaction was investigated. Silybum marianum seeds extract ( Sly E), standard silymarin (Sly), and vitamin B6 derivatives, pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxamine (PM), and pyridoxine (P) in reversing glycation-induced damage in DNA were evaluated. In addition, different sugars and sugar phosphates were incubated with plasmid pBR 322 DNA to control and compare their harmful effects. Our results revealed that Sly E protected lysine/Fe 3+ /MG induced oxidative DNA damage more effectively than Sly. Vitamins, on the other hand, prevented this DNA damage in the order of PLP>P>PM. The DNA altering and damaging intensity of sugars and sugar phosphates tested increased considerably in the following order: Ribose-5-phosphate > fructose-6-phosphate > ribose > fructose > fructose-1,6 biphosphate > glucose-6 phosphate > glucose. The results show that the lysine/Fe 3+ /MG glycation reaction can cause oxidative damage of DNA through a mechanism involving hydroxyl radicals. It also provides evidence that ribose-5-phosphate and fructose and its phosphate metabolites can alter DNA more rapidly in vitro than glucose and its phosphate metabolites

DNA cleavage protecting activity and in vitro antioxidant potential of aqueous extract from fresh stems of Rheum ribes

Rheum ribes L. (Polygonaceae) is a common species of rhubarb in Turkey, which is also found in Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Russia. The antioxidant potency of stems was investigated employing various in vitro systems, such as lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide anion radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, metal chelation activity. R. ribes stem parts showed strong inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation of rat brain homogenate induced by the FeCl3-ascorbic acid system. R. ribes extract was able to reduce the stable free radical DPPH 83.9±1.90% at 150 μg ml−1. The reducing power of the extract was 0.46±0.074 at 250 μg ml−1. The effect of extract of R. ribes on DNA cleavage induced by UV-photolysis of H2O2 using pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA was also investigated. This extract significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings demonstrate that aqueous extract from fresh stems of R. ribes has antioxidant activity and thus have great potential as a source for natural health products