Postural stability and functional capacity in recreational athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate postural stability and functional capacity in recreational athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) and to compare them with healthy recreational athletes. Materials and Methods: Sixteen recreational athletes with T1 DM (21.4 +/- 2.1 years of age, 174.3 +/- 7 cm height, 64.5 +/- 10.1 kg weight, 10.9 +/- 5.3 body fat percentage [BFP]) and 19 healthy recreational athletes (21.9 +/- 2.5 years of age, 173.1 +/- 5.2 cm height, 66.1 +/- 4 kg weight. 14.4 +/- 1.5 BFP) participated in this study. Postural stability was measured by using the one leg standing test (OLST) (static test) and single limb hopping course (SLHC) test (dynamic test). Functional capacity was evaluated by using the isokinetic muscle strength test, one-legged and triple-legged hop for distance tests, and six meter (6-m) and cross 6-m hop for time tests. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare mean values of the diabetic group (DG) with those of the control group (CG). Results: There was no difference between groups with regards to anthropometric data except in BFP (P 0.05). OLST (P < 0.05) and SLHC tests (P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the DG. Conclusions: These results suggest that diabetic athletes have reduced postural stability

Sonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

Summary Background: The aim of this study was to describe the gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Material/Methods Forty-one patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were evaluated by gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography. Totally eighteen adrenal rest tumors in 9 patients were diagnosed TART on US and MR imaging. Gray-scale and color Doppler US and MR findings of the patients were documented. Results: A total of eighteen masses were evaluated in nine patients. The mean age of these patients was 14.3±4.5 (range 10.1–23.3) years. US revealed hypoechoic lesions around the mediastinum testis with hypervascularity dispersing in ten patients and hypovascularity in two patients. In six patients, the lesions were hyperechoic with poor vascularity. Lesions exhibited homogeneous (n=8) and heterogeneous (n=10). Testicular microlithiasis was present in 4 of 9 patients with TART. Doppler ultrasound showed normal testicular vessels passing through the mass which were undisturbed, not displaced and not change in caliber. MRI features were the following: all lesions were hypointense on T2- and hyperintense (n=12) and isointense (n=6) on T1-weighted images. All masses revealed homogeneous contrast enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images. Conclusions: Ultrasonography and MRI are good methods for detecting and monitoring TART. US is the first preferable modality because it is quick and cheap than MRI. Bilateral mostly hypoechoic lesions depicted around the mediastinum testis with no mass effect is highly suggestive for the diagnosis of testicular adrenal rest tissues on ultrasonography. Normal testicular vessels coursing through the lesions undisturbed and not change in caliber is described specific for this kind of tumors

Which factors influence the prevalence of institution‐acquired falls? Results from an international, multi‐center, cross‐sectional survey

Purpose: Falls are a highly prevalent problem in hospitals and nursing homes with serious negative consequences such as injuries, increased care dependency, or even death. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive insight into institution-acquired fall (IAF) prevalence and risk factors for IAF in a large sample of hospital patients and nursing home residents among five different countries. Design: This study reports the outcome of a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data collected in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the United Kingdom in 2017 and 2018. These data include 58,319 datapoints from hospital patients and nursing home residents. Methods: Descriptive statistics, statistical tests, logistic regression and generalised estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyse the data. Findings: IAF prevalence in hospitals and nursing homes differed significantly between the countries. Turkey (7·7 %) had the highest IAF prevalence rate for hospitals and Switzerland (15·8 %), for nursing homes. In hospitals, our model revealed that IAF prevalence was associated with country, age, care dependency, number of medical diagnoses, surgery in the last two weeks, and fall history factors. In nursing homes, care dependency, diseases of the nervous system, and fall history were identified as significant risk factors for IAF prevalence. Conclusions: This large-scale study reveals that the most important IAF risk factor is an existing history of falls, independent of the setting. Whether a previous fall has occurred within the last 12 months is a simple question that should be included on every (nursing) assessment at the time of patient or resident admission. Our results guide the development of tailored prevention programs for persons at risk of falling in hospitals and nursing homes

Algorithms for numerical solution of the modified equal width wave equation using collocation method

Quintic B-spline collocation algorithms for numerical solution of the modified equal width wave (MEW) equation have been proposed. The algorithms are based on Crank-Nicolson formulation for time integration and quintic B-spline functions for space integration. Quintic B-spline collocation method over the finite intervals is also applied to the time split MEW equation and space split MEW equation. Results for the three algorithms are compared by studying the propagation of the solitary wave, interaction of the solitary waves, wave generation and birth of solitons

Quartic B-spline Galerkin approach to the numerical solution of the KdVB equation

The nonlinear Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers' equation is solved numerically by method of Galerkin using quartic B-splines as both shape and weight functions over the finite intervals. Five test problems are studied to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. A comparison of numerical results of both algorithm and some published articles is done in computational section. The numerical results are found in good agreement with exact solutions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

A numerical solution of the RLW equation by Galerkin method using quartic B-splines

Galerkin finite element method based on quartic B-splines is used to find a numerical solution of the regularized long wave equation. The method is tested on the problems of propagation of solitary waves, interaction of two and three solitary waves, undulation and wave generation. Comparisons are made with both analytical solutions and results of some published methods. Accuracy and efficiency of' the scherne are discussed by computing numerical conserved laws and L-2, L-infinity error norins. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

A numerical study of the Burgers' equation

Time and space splitting techniques are applied to the Burgers' equation and the modified Burgers' equation, and then the quintic B-spline collocation procedure is employed to approximate the resulting systems. Some numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Comparisons with both analytical solutions and some published numerical results are done in computational section. (C) 2007 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved