The Profitability of Animal Husbandry Activities on Farms in Dry Farming Areas and the Interaction between Crop Production and Animal Husbandry: The Case of Ankara Province in Turkey

This paper examines the linkages between livestock and crop farming activities and provides a comparative analysis of the profitability of different livestock activities in the highlands of Ankara. The data was collected from 52 sample farms in the Nallıhan, Aya¸s, Güdül and Beypazarı districts of Ankara by way of a questionnaire, where the farms have, on average, 20.7 ha of land and are thus regarded as small family farms. Insufficient irrigated land and working capital, weak market relations and the pressure of high population brings about a requirement to strengthen crop-livestock interaction. Production on the farms is generally carried out in extensive conditions, with goat, sheep and cattle husbandry in addition to crop production. Crop production makes up for 20.8% of the total gross production value on the farms. Of this figure, the entire yields of wheat, barley, pulses, straw and fodder crops are used for own consumption by the households, along with 74% of the wheat and 77% of the barley produced. The research results indicate that the current management systems may be defined as mixed farms in terms of crop–livestock linkages. The average total income of the households surveyed is 9,412.0 USD, of which 63.4% comes from farming activities. Every 1 USD invested in animal husbandry provides an income of 1.12 USD from dairy cattle breeding, 1.13 USD from Angora goat breeding, 1.16 USD from sheep breeding and 1.27 USD from ordinary goat breeding. It has been found that ordinary goat breeding, which provides the greatest relative profitability for the farms, offers many advantages, and that the transition from Angora goat breeding to ordinary goat breeding through the breeding of ordinary male goats into the Angora herd has occurred in recent years. The results of the survey indicate that supporting crop production with animal husbandry is considered a requirement in order to maintain economic and social sustainability in the farms and to support rural development

Numerical Solution of Duffing Equation by Using an Improved Taylor Matrix Method

We have suggested a numerical approach, which is based on an improved Taylor matrix method, for solving Duffing differential equations. The method is based on the approximation by the truncated Taylor series about center zero. Duffing equation and conditions are transformed into the matrix equations, which corresponds to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations with the unknown coefficients, via collocation points. Combining these matrix equations and then solving the system yield the unknown coefficients of the solution function. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and the applicability of the technique. The results show the efficiency and the accuracy of the present work. Also, the method can be easily applied to engineering and science problems

Economic Assessment of Hazelnut Production and the Importance of Supply Management Approaches in Turkey

Turkey is the worlds leading producer accounting for about 70% of world hazelnut supply. Hazelnut production is the single most important economic activity (monoculture) and income resource of rural households in the Black Sea Region. Hazelnut sector is supporting since 1962. However, due to inappropriate policies a stock problem has arisen in the sector. The Government has intervened to over production problem with various regulatory measures since 1989. However, results of supply response model showed that legal regulations have not any significant effect on reducing over production. Annual rate of increase of hazelnut production was calculated as 4.48%. And long term supply elasticity was found as 0.09 by Nerlove Model. The inelastic supply restricts the interventions on market by support price mechanism. However, high support prices and purchase guarantee keep farmers in hazelnut farming and encourage them to expand their production area. Monoculture is the most destructive factor which reduces all supply management initiatives. Government is both trying to keep farmers income at a certain level by high support prices, and also trying to apply supply control measures. This situation leads an intervention dilemma and creates a vicious cycle in hazelnut sector. Due to importance of Turkey in World hazelnut trade, it is necessary to solve over production problem in order to stabilize domestic and world prices. This research showed that the most effective way to supply control is to differentiate hazelnut farmers income sources in order to encourage them to reduce their production area

Comparação de traqueotomia percutânea precoce e tardia em unidade de terapia intensiva para adultos

ResumoJustificativa e objetivosA traqueotomia percutânea tornou‐se uma boa alternativa para os pacientes com previsão de intubação prolongada em unidades de terapia intensiva. Os benefícios mais importantes da traqueotomia são alta precoce da unidade de terapia intensiva e menos tempo de permanência no hospital. As complicações da intubação intratraqueal prolongada são: lesão da laringe, paralisia das pregas vocais, estenose glótica e subglótica, infecção e lesão traqueal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as potenciais vantagens da traqueotomia percutânea precoce versus traqueotomia percutânea tardia em unidade de terapia intensiva.MétodosTraqueotomias percutâneas foram realizadas em 158 pacientes em unidade de terapia intensiva para adultos e analisadas retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos para traqueotomia precoce e tardia, de acordo com o tempo de intubação intratraqueal antes da traqueotomia percutânea. As traqueotomias consideradas precoces foram realizadas nos dias 0‐7 de intubação intratraqueal e as tardias realizadas após o sétimo dia de intubação intratraqueal. Os pacientes com infecção no local da traqueotomia, intubação difícil ou potencialmente difícil, idade inferior a 18 anos, pressão positiva ao final da expiração acima de 10cmH2O e aqueles com diátese hemorrágica ou contagem de plaquetas em 50.000dL−1 foram excluídos do estudo. Os tempos de ventilação mecânica e internação em UTI foram registrados.ResultadosNão houve diferença estatística entre os dados demográficos dos pacientes. Os tempos de ventilação mecânica e de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva do grupo traqueotomia precoce foram menores e a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05).ConclusãoTraqueotomia precoce reduz o tempo de ventilação mecânica e de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva. Portanto, sugerimos a traqueotomia precoce em pacientes com suspeita de intubação prolongada.AbstractBackground and objectivesPercutaneous tracheotomy has become a good alternative for patients thought to have prolonged intubation in intensive care units. The most important benefits of tracheotomy are early discharge of the patient from the intensive care unit and shortening of the time spent in the hospital. Prolonged endotracheal intubation has complications such as laryngeal damage, vocal cord paralysis, glottic and subglottic stenosis, infection and tracheal damage. The objective of our study was to evaluate potential advantages of early percutaneous tracheotomy over late percutaneous tracheotomy in intensive care unit.MethodsPercutaneous tracheotomies applied to 158 patients in adult intensive care unit have been analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups as early and late tracheotomy according to their endotracheal intubation time before percutaneous tracheotomy. Tracheotomies at the 0–7th days of endotracheal intubation were grouped as early and after the 7th day of endotracheal intubation as late tracheotomies. Patients having infection at the site of tracheotomy, patients with difficult or potential difficult intubation, those under 18 years old, patients with positive end‐expiratory pressure above 10cmH2O and those with bleeding diathesis or platelet count under 50,000dL‐1 were not included in the study. Durations of mechanical ventilation and intensive care stay were noted.ResultsThere was no statistical difference among the demographic data of the patients. Mechanical ventilation time and time spent in intensive care unit in the group with early tracheotomy was shorter and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).ConclusionEarly tracheotomy shortens mechanical ventilation duration and intensive care unit stay. For that reason we suggest early tracheotomy in patients thought to have prolonged intubation

The effect of vaginal bleeding and non-spesific pelvic pain on pregnancy outcomes in subchorionic hematomas cases

Objectives: To determine the clinical differences and factors affecting early pregnancy outcome in the first and early second trimester subchorionic hematoma cases.  Material and methods: This study involved with the retrospective analysis and evaluation of 81 cases diagnosed with subchorionic hematoma. The patients were grouped according to the gestational periods, symptoms at the time of admission, ratio of surrounding hematoma to the gestational sac, and whether there was a pregnancy loss. The groups were compared according to the clinical features and pregnancy outcomes.  Results: The ratio of surrounding hematoma to the gestational sac in the group with pregnancy loss was significantly higher (p = 0.002). When the cut-off value was 35.5%, it could determine the possibility of a complication in pregnancy with 70% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Nonspecific pelvic pain were significantly higher in the pregnancy loss group than in the other group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of these two parameters on the pregnancy outcome. Although the presence of non-specific pelvic pain is more in the group with pregnancy loss; there was no effect of on pregnancy outcome (p = 0.141). The risk of pregnancy loss increased 4.5 fold if the ratio of ScH to gestational sac was above 35% (p = 0.027).  Conclusions: In the cases of subchorionic hematoma, we concluded that when the ratio of surrounding hematoma to the gestational sac increased and when it was accompanied by nonspecific pelvic pain, the hospitalization period of the patients increased and the ratio of pregnancy loss was higher

The Relationship Between Teachers Self-Efficacy Sense and Their Level of Readiness For Online Learning

DergiPark: 412098trakyasobedThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship betweenteachers’ self-efficacy sense and their level of readiness for online learning.The research is in relational screening model. The sample of the study consistsof 397 teachers at different districts and center of Bursa during the Academicyear of 2016-2017. To determine teachers’ self-efficacy sense, “Teacher SelfEfficacy Scale”, to determine their level of readiness for online learning,“Readiness for Online Learning Scale” were used. The research findings showthat there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy senses andreadiness for online learning levels. Senses of teachers’ self-efficacy variesaccording to the age variable for total self-efficacy attitude with discipline,during the education and classroom management sub-dimensions. Accordingto the gender variable only classroom management sub-dimension varies for thelevels of teachers’ self-efficacy senses. Senses of teachers’ self-efficacyvaries according to the period of service variable for total self-efficacyattitude with discipline, during the education and classroom managementsub-dimensions. Teachers’ readiness for online learning levels vary accordingto the age variable for only computer/internet efficacy sub-dimension.According to the gender variable only computer/internet efficacy sub-dimensionvaries for teachers’ readiness for online learning levels. Teachers’ readinessfor online learning levels vary according to the period of service variable forcomputer/internet efficacy, control of learner and online communicationsub-dimensions.Bu araştırmanın amacı; ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan öğretmenlerinözyeterlilik algıları ile çevrimiçi öğrenmeye yönelik hazırbulunuşlulukdüzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırma ilişkisel taramamodelindedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bursaİl merkezi ve ilçelerinde görev yapmakta olan 397 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır.Öğretmenlerin özyeterlilik algılarını belirlemek için “Öğretmen ÖzyeterlilikÖlçeği”, çevrimiçi öğrenmeye yönelik hazırbulunuşluluk düzeylerini belirlemekiçin ise “Çevrimiçi Öğrenmeye Yönelik Hazırbulunuşluluk Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.Araştırma bulguları, öğretmenlerin özyeterlilik algıları ile çevrimiçi öğrenmeyeyönelik hazırbulunuşluluk düzeyleri arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu ortayakoymuştur. Öğretmenlerin özyeterlilik algıları yaş değişkenine göre disiplin,eğitim-öğretim süreci ve sınıf yönetimi alt boyutları ile toplam öğretmenözyeterlilik boyutunda farklılık göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin özyeterlilikalgıları cinsiyet değişkenine göre yalnızca sınıf yönetimi alt boyutundafarklılık göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin özyeterlilik algıları öğretmenlikhizmet süresi değişkenine göre ise disiplin, eğitim-öğretim süreci ve sınıfyönetimi alt boyutları ile toplam öğretmen özyeterlilik boyutunda farklılıkgöstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin çevrimiçi öğrenmeye yönelik hazırbulunuşlulukdüzeyleri yaş ve cinsiyet değişkenine göre yalnızca bilgisayar/internetözyeterliliği alt boyutunda farklılık göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin çevrimiçiöğrenmeye yönelik hazırbulunuşluluk düzeyleri öğretmenlik hizmet süresideğişkenine göre ise bilgisayar/internet özyeterliliği, öğrenici kontrolü veçevrimiçi iletişim alt boyutlarında farklılık göstermektedir

Serumske razine prolaktina u diferencijalnoj dijagnostici pedijatrijskih epileptičnih i neepileptičnih (pseudo-)napadaja

The aim was to determine diagnostic value of serum prolactin levels in the diff erential diagnosis of epileptic and nonepileptic seizures in children. The study included 100 patients aged one month to 18 years, admitted to the hospital for seizure complaints. All patients underwent electroencephalography in the postictal period and their serum prolactin levels were measured at 10 min and 60 min of the postictal period. The mean 10-min serum prolactin level was 37.1±20.09 ng/mL and 16±14.59 ng/mL (p<0.01) in patients with epileptic and nonepileptic seizures, respectively. After grouping of patients with nonepileptic seizures, the mean 10-min serum prolactin level in patients with epileptic seizures and those with syncope was 37.1±20.09 ng/mL and 30.52±19.21 ng/mL (p>0.05), respectively. The mean 10-min prolactin level in patients with epileptic seizures and those with non-syncope epileptic seizures (night terror, conversion and breath holding spells) was 37.1±20.09 ng/mL and 10.9±5.95 ng/mL (p<0.01), respectively. In conclusion, serum prolactin level in the postictal period is an important marker in the diff erential diagnosis of epileptic and nonepileptic seizures. There was no signifi cant diff erence between serum prolactin levels in the diff erential diagnosis of epileptic seizures and syncope, but it had an important role in diff erentiating nonepileptic cases such as breath holding spells, night terror and hysterical conversions from epileptic seizures and syncope.Cilj ovoga ispitivanja bio je utvrditi dijagnostičku vrijednost serumskih razina prolaktina u diferencijalnoj dijagnostici epileptičnih i neepileptičnih napadaja u djece. U ispitivanje je bilo uključeno 100 djece u dobi od jednog mjeseca do 18 godina, primljenih u bolnicu zbog konvulzija. U svih bolesnika učinjena je elektroencefalografi ja u postiktalnom razdoblju, dok su njihove serumske razine prolaktina mjerene u 10. i 60. minuti postiktalnog razdoblja. Srednja 10-minutna razina prolaktina u serumu bila je 37,1±20,09 ng/mL i 16±14,59 ng/mL (p<0,01) u bolesnika s epileptičnim odnosno neepileptičnim napadajima. Nakon grupiranja bolesnika s neepileptičnim napadajima 10-minutna srednja serumska razina prolaktina u bolesnika s epileptičnim napadajima i onih sa sinkopom bila je 37,1±20,09 ng/mL odnosno 30,52±19,21 ng/mL (p>0,05). U bolesnika s epileptičnim napadajima i onih s ne-sinkopnim epileptičnim napadajima (noćne more, konverzija i epizode zadržavanja daha) srednja 10-minutna razina prolaktina bila je 37,1±20,09 ng/mL odnosno 10,9±5,95 ng/mL (p<0,01). Zaključuje se kako je serumska razina prolaktina u postiktalnom razdoblju važan biljeg u diferencijalnoj dijagnostici epileptičnih i neepileptičnih napadaja. Nije bilo značajne razlike među serumskim razinama prolaktina u diferencijalnoj dijagnostici epileptičnih napadaja i sinkope, ali je ta razina imala važnu ulogu u razlikovanju neepileptičnih slučajeva kao što su epizode zadržavanja daha, noćne more i histerične konverzije od epileptičnih napadaja i sinkope

Efficacy of periarticular injection applied trough knee other than posterior capsule in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty

WOS: 000385436400008PubMed ID: 26566320Background: We aimed to evaluate periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) in bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Methods: In 154 knees of 77 patients, PMDI was administered intraoperatively through the regions other than posterior capsule to one knee; other knee was control. Results: Drug-injected knees had lower visual analog scale scores and higher passive range of motion postoperatively (p < 0.05). The active straight leg raise was higher in drug-injected knees (47 [61%] vs 19 [24.7%], p < 0.001). Conclusions: PMDI is a safe and effective method of early postoperative pain management in total knee arthroplasty when applied through regions other than posterior capsule

Clinical and demographic characteristics of 165 patients with lichen planus

Objective: Lichen planus (LP), is a papulosquamous inflammatory disease, which involves the skin, mucous membranes, nails and scalp. The incidence varies according to geographical regions. In this study, it was aimed to detect the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients with LP who have been under follow-up at our clinic. Methods: One hundred sixty five patients, who were diagnosed as LP in our clinic between 2010 and 2013, were enrolled to the study. The age, gender, disease duration, time of onset of disease, characteristics of involvement, associated systemic diseases, laboratory findings and treatment were recorded retrospectively. Results: In our study, 0.6% of all patients admitted to our clinic were diagnosed as LP. A total of 165 patients included in the study, 92 women (56%) and 73 men (44%), respectively. Patients’ ages ranged 8-78 (mean 44.7±16.7). Disease duration ranged from 1 month to 20 years (mean 15.6±29.7). One hundred thirty four patients (81.2%) had skin involvement, 51 (31%) had oral mucosal involvement, and 15 (9%) had genital involvement. Five (4.5%) of 111 patients with viral hepatitis tests were positive for hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B virus positivity was seen in 4 (4%) patients. Conclusion: There is a need for further studies with more patients to better understand the epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of LP. We believe that our study will contribute to the determination of our country’s data