Five-Year Follow-Up of Parapapillary Atrophy: The Beijing Eye Study

Purpose: To assess longitudinal changes in parapapillary atrophy in the adult population of Greater Beijing. Methods: The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2006 included 3251 subjects who had participated in the Beijing Eye Study 2001 and returned for re-examination. The mean age was 60.4610.1 years. Using optic disc photographs, we measured parapapillary atrophy which was divided into alpha zone and beta zone. Results: Overall progression rate of alpha zone was seen in 0.660.1 % (95 % confidence interval (CI):0.3,0.9) of the subjects and of beta zone in 8.260.5 % (95%CI:7.2,9.1) of the subjects. In binary regression analysis, rate of progression of alpha zone was significantly associated higher age (P = 0.04) and the co-progression of zone Beta (P,0.001). Rate of progression of beta zone was significantly associated with higher age (P,0.001; odds ratio (OR):1.11;95%CI:1.10,1.14), higher intraocular pressure (P,0.001;OR:1.10;95%CI:1.05,1.14), higher myopic refractive error (P,0.001;OR:0.71; 95%CI:0.67,0.75), rural region of habitation (P = 0.002;OR: 0.58; 95%CI:0.41,0.82), presence of glaucomatous optic nerve damage (P,0.001;OR:2.89; 95%CI:1.62,5.14), co-progression of alpha zone (P,0.001;OR:7.13;95%CI:2.43,20.9), absence of arterial hypertension (P = 0.03;OR: 0.70; 95%CI:0.51,0.96), and thicker central corneal thickness (P = 0.02;OR:1.01;95%CI:1.00,1.01). Subjects with a non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage (n = 22) as compared to the remaining subjects did not vary in the progression rate of alpha zone (0.0 % versus 0.660.1%; P = 1.0) and beta zone (8.260.5 % versus 6.360.6%;P = 1.0)

Klauenerkrankungen in Milchviehbeständen - Dokumentations- und Auswertungsmöglichkeiten für die Beratung

Hintergrund für das Verfassen dieser Arbeit war die Tatsache, dass Klauenerkrankungen in den größer werdenden Betrieben immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. Leider wird diese Problematik bis jetzt noch nicht intensiv genug berücksichtigt. Um diesen Bereich besser überwachen und angehen zu können, wurden anhand von Untersuchungen auf Betrieben Möglichkeiten zur Dokumentation und Auswertung durchgeführt. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag dabei auf der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Beratung und Betriebsleiter. Grund dafür war, dass die Beratung zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht genügend Hilfsmittel hat, Problembetriebe zu erkennen und eine effektive Erfassung durchzuführen. Im Vorfeld der Untersuchung wurde zusammengestellt, welche Faktoren Einfluss auf die Klauengesundheit haben und dementsprechend berücksichtigt werden müssen. Da Klauenerkrankungen oft verschiedene Ursachen haben können, ist es wenig sinnvoll nur einzelne Bereiche zu betrachten. Während der Untersuchung wurden vor allem die Fragen wer erfassen soll, was erfasst werden soll und wie erfasst werden soll versucht zu beantworten. Vor allem die Frage wie und von wem erfasst werden soll stellt sich in der Praxis oft als schwierig dar. Was erfasst werden soll, konnte durch einen bereits bestehenden Diagnoseschlüssel recht schnell geklärt werden.Um eine Auswertung durchzuführen stehen bereits schon Programme zur Verfügung. Diese wurden miteinander verglichen um Stärken und Schwächen deutlich zu machen

Zur Kenntniss der acuten primären hämorrhagischen Encephalitis

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ORESTES: a Scalable Database-as-a-Service Architecture for Low Latency

Abstract-Today, the applicability of database systems in cloud environments is considerably restricted because of three major problems: I) high network latencies for remote/mobile clients, II) lack of elastic horizontal scalability mechanisms, and III) missing abstraction of storage and data models. In this paper, we propose an architecture, a REST/HTTP protocol and a set of algorithms to solve these problems through a Database-as-a-Service middleware called ORESTES (Objects RESTfully Encapsulated in Standard Formats). ORESTES exposes cloud-hosted NoSQL database systems through a scalable tier of REST servers. These provide database-independent, object-oriented schema design, a client-independent REST-API for database operations, globally distributed caching, cache consistency mechanisms and optimistic ACID transactions. By comparative evaluations we offer empirical evidence that the proposed Database-as-a-Service architecture indeed solves common latency, scalability and abstraction problems encountered in modern cloud-based applications. I. INTRODUCTION The emergence of cloud computing, Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) and "NoSQL" databases has demonstrated a clear demand for scalable database systems with cloud-capable, webbased interfaces Different studies have shown the dramatic effect of latency on user behavior. For instance, Amazon found that an additional latency of 100ms resulted in 1% less revenue and Google measured that increasing the load time of search results by 500ms decreased user traffic by 20% ORESTES (Objects RESTfully Encapsulated in Standard Formats) is our proposed BaaS/DBaaS architecture to overcome these current limitations of the Backend-as-a-Service model. ORESTES targets the read-intensive, latency-sensitiv

ORESTES: a Scalable Database-as-a-Service Architecture for Low Latency

Abstract-Today, the applicability of database systems in cloud environments is considerably restricted because of three major problems: I) high network latencies for remote/mobile clients, II) lack of elastic horizontal scalability mechanisms, and III) missing abstraction of storage and data models. In this paper, we propose an architecture, a REST/HTTP protocol and a set of algorithms to solve these problems through a Database-as-a-Service middleware called ORESTES (Objects RESTfully Encapsulated in Standard Formats). ORESTES exposes cloud-hosted NoSQL database systems through a scalable tier of REST servers. These provide database-independent, object-oriented schema design, a client-independent REST-API for database operations, globally distributed caching, cache consistency mechanisms and optimistic ACID transactions. By comparative evaluations we offer empirical evidence that the proposed Database-as-a-Service architecture indeed solves common latency, scalability and abstraction problems encountered in modern cloud-based applications. I. INTRODUCTION The emergence of cloud computing, Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) and "NoSQL" databases has demonstrated a clear demand for scalable database systems with cloud-capable, webbased interfaces Different studies have shown the dramatic effect of latency on user behavior. For instance, Amazon found that an additional latency of 100ms resulted in 1% less revenue and Google measured that increasing the load time of search results by 500ms decreased user traffic by 20% ORESTES (Objects RESTfully Encapsulated in Standard Formats) is our proposed BaaS/DBaaS architecture to overcome these current limitations of the Backend-as-a-Service model. ORESTES targets the read-intensive, latency-sensitiv