6 research outputs found

    Immune cell populations and cytokine production in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes after laparoscopic surgery versus conventional laparotomy in mice

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    Purpose: There is evidence that open as well as minimally invasive abdominal surgery impair post-operative innate and acquired immune function. To compare the impact of these approaches as well as the one of different peritoneal gas exposures on immune function, we investigated cellular as well as cytokine-based immune parameters in mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen postoperatively. Methods: Mice (n=26) were randomly assigned to the 4 study groups: (1) sham controls undergoing anesthesia alone, (2) laparotomy, and (3) air, or (4) carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Mice were sacrificed 48h after the intervention, and their spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested. Cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ), splenic T cell subpopulations (cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells, and regulatory T cells) were analyzed. Results: TNF-α production of splenocytes 16h after ex vivo lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation was significantly increased in the laparotomy group compared to all other groups. In contrast, TNF-α production of lymph node cells and IL-6 production of splenocytes after ex vivo LPS stimulation did not differ significantly between the groups. The numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen differed between groups. A significant reduction in Treg cell frequency was detected in the CO2 insufflation group compared to the laparotomy and the air insufflation group. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a distinct difference in immune effector functions and cellular composition of the spleen with regard to splenic TNF-α production and increased numbers of Treg cells in the spleen. These findings are in line with a higher peritoneal inflammatory status consequent to peritoneal air rather than CO2 exposure. Treg turned out to be key modulators of postoperative dysfunction of acquired immunit

    Immune cell populations and cytokine production in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes after laparoscopic surgery versus conventional laparotomy in mice

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    PURPOSE: There is evidence that open as well as minimally invasive abdominal surgery impair post-operative innate and acquired immune function. To compare the impact of these approaches as well as the one of different peritoneal gas exposures on immune function, we investigated cellular as well as cytokine-based immune parameters in mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen postoperatively. METHODS: Mice (n = 26) were randomly assigned to the 4 study groups: (1) sham controls undergoing anesthesia alone, (2) laparotomy, and (3) air, or (4) carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Mice were sacrificed 48 h after the intervention, and their spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested. Cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ), splenic T cell subpopulations (cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells, and regulatory T cells) were analyzed. RESULTS: TNF-α production of splenocytes 16 h after ex vivo lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation was significantly increased in the laparotomy group compared to all other groups. In contrast, TNF-α production of lymph node cells and IL-6 production of splenocytes after ex vivo LPS stimulation did not differ significantly between the groups. The numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen differed between groups. A significant reduction in Treg cell frequency was detected in the CO(2) insufflation group compared to the laparotomy and the air insufflation group. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate a distinct difference in immune effector functions and cellular composition of the spleen with regard to splenic TNF-α production and increased numbers of Treg cells in the spleen. These findings are in line with a higher peritoneal inflammatory status consequent to peritoneal air rather than CO(2) exposure. Treg turned out to be key modulators of postoperative dysfunction of acquired immunity

    Funktionelle Charakterisierung von p75TNF-Rezeptor-Isoformen

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    Neben den beiden bekannten TNF-Rezeptoren, p55TNFR und p75TNFR, wurde der icp75TNFR als Isoform des p75TNFR identifiziert, die durch die Benutzung eines alternativen Transkriptionsstarts entsteht. WĂ€hrend die IntrazellulĂ€r- sowie TransmembrandomĂ€ne identisch mit dem p75TNFR ist, unterscheidet sich die ExtrazellulĂ€rdomĂ€ne des icp75TNFR darin, dass ihr ein N-terminales Signalpeptid fehlt. Aufgrund des alternativen Spleissens wird bei der Transkription das Exon 1 des p75TNFR durch das Exon 1a ersetzt. Es wurden gentechnisch verĂ€nderte Mauslinien hergestellt, die transgen fĂŒr den humanen icp75TNFR (hicp75TNFR) sind. In dieser Arbeit wurden anhand der hicp75TNFR-transgenen MĂ€use sowie an p75TNFR-defizienten MĂ€usen die Funktionen des hicp75TNFR und des p75TNFR unter verschiedenen Aspekten untersucht. Sowohl auf DNA- als auch auf RNA-Ebene wurde der hicp75TNFR in den dafĂŒr transgenen MĂ€usen identifiziert. Auch als lösliches Protein wurde er detektiert. Der icp75TNFR kann somit wie sein Isomer, der p75TNFR, von der Zellmembran proteolytisch gespalten und sezerniert werden. Die FĂ€higkeit mTNF und hTNF zu binden und damit Zielzellen bis zu einem gewissen Maß zu schĂŒtzen, wurde ebenfalls fĂŒr den hicp75TNFR gezeigt. Der p75TNFR ĂŒbernimmt costimulatorische Aufgaben, was sich vor allem kurzfristig bei der T-Zellaktivierung anhand der IL-2- und IFNgamma-Sezernierung bemerkbar macht. In quantitativen Untersuchungen unterschied sich die Anzahl an CD4+ und CD8+ T-Zellen in der Milz hicp75TNFR-transgener und p75TNFR-defizienter MĂ€use nicht von den WildtypmĂ€usen. WĂ€hrend CD4+ T-Zellen von hicp75TNFR-transgenen MĂ€usen Ă€hnlich wie die Kontrollzellen proliferierten zeigten CD4+ T-Zellen von p75TNFR-defizienten MĂ€usen eine verminderte Proliferation. WĂ€hrend die Anzahl an CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatorischen T-Zellen in der Milz naiver hicp75TNFR-transgener und p75TNFR-defizienter MĂ€use den Kontrollen Ă€hnlich war, blieb im Verlauf einer CLP-induzierten septischen Peritonitis ein mit den WildtypmĂ€usen vergleichbarer Anstieg der Zahl an CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatorischen T-Zellen in p75TNFR-defizienten MĂ€usen aus. Die hicp75TNFR-transgenen MĂ€use hingegen unterschieden sich nur wenig von den Kontrollen. Die suppressive AktivitĂ€t von CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatorischen T-Zellen aus p75TNFR-defizienten MĂ€usen war dosisabhĂ€ngig und besonders in Anwesenheit von TNF beeintrĂ€chtigt. Weder im akuten noch im chronischen DSS-induzierten Colitis-Modell konnte ein Unterschied im EntzĂŒndungsausmaß in hicp75TNFR-transgenen MĂ€usen zu WildtypmĂ€usen festgestellt werden. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten p75TNFR-defiziente MĂ€use in der akuten DSS-vermittelten Colitis ein tendenziell verbessertes Krankheitsbild und in der chronischen DSS-induzierten Colitis eine stĂ€rkere intestinale EntzĂŒndung als die WildtypmĂ€use auf. Dies lĂ€sst sich zum einen durch das Fehlen des TNF-Inhibitors (löslicher p75TNFR) und zum anderen durch das geringere Vorkommen von regulatorischen T-Zellen erklĂ€ren, wie in dieser Arbeit gezeigt wurde. WĂ€hrend sich in der DGalN/LPS-induzierten HepatotoxizitĂ€t keine VerĂ€nderung im Krankheitsbild der hicp75TNFR-transgenen MĂ€use gegenĂŒber WildtypmĂ€usen ergab, zeigten sie im Con A-vermittelten HepatotoxizitĂ€tsmodell eine signifikant höhere LeberentzĂŒndung als die Kontrollen. Durch Vorbehandlung mit Etanercept wurde das Ausmaß der EntzĂŒndung Ă€hnlich wie in WildtypmĂ€usen reduziert. Es bleibt zu prĂŒfen, ob die Überexpression von p75TNFR bzw. icp75TNFR auf Hepatozyten fĂŒr TNF-ToxizitĂ€t sensibilisiert. Die funktionellen Untersuchungen unterstrichen die zentrale Bedeutung hauptsĂ€chlich des p75TNFR auf T-Zellen respektive regulatorischen T-Zellen. Besonders in akuten und chronischen EntzĂŒndungen kommt diese kontrollierende Rolle des p75TNFR zum Tragen, indem durch die Bindung von TNF an p75TNFR in der akuten Phase proinflammatorische Signalwege gefördert werden, die Chronifizierung der Erkrankung jedoch ĂŒber Induktion regulatorischer T-Zellen verhindert werden kann

    Immune cell populations and cytokine production in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes after laparoscopic surgery versus conventional laparotomy in mice

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    PURPOSE: There is evidence that open as well as minimally invasive abdominal surgery impair post-operative innate and acquired immune function. To compare the impact of these approaches as well as the one of different peritoneal gas exposures on immune function, we investigated cellular as well as cytokine-based immune parameters in mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen postoperatively. METHODS: Mice (n = 26) were randomly assigned to the 4 study groups: (1) sham controls undergoing anesthesia alone, (2) laparotomy, and (3) air, or (4) carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Mice were sacrificed 48 h after the intervention, and their spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested. Cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ), splenic T cell subpopulations (cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells, and regulatory T cells) were analyzed. RESULTS: TNF-α production of splenocytes 16 h after ex vivo lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation was significantly increased in the laparotomy group compared to all other groups. In contrast, TNF-α production of lymph node cells and IL-6 production of splenocytes after ex vivo LPS stimulation did not differ significantly between the groups. The numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen differed between groups. A significant reduction in Treg cell frequency was detected in the CO(2) insufflation group compared to the laparotomy and the air insufflation group. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate a distinct difference in immune effector functions and cellular composition of the spleen with regard to splenic TNF-α production and increased numbers of Treg cells in the spleen. These findings are in line with a higher peritoneal inflammatory status consequent to peritoneal air rather than CO(2) exposure. Treg turned out to be key modulators of postoperative dysfunction of acquired immunity
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