Moringa oleifera: A Review of Pharmacological Benefits

The chemical composition of a specific material, the structure that gives it its unique qualities, and indirectly the method of production all has an impact on the selection of an effective bioactive material for medical applications. Moringa is a type of medicinal plant with unique active ingredients that have been traditionally used to treat a variety of conditions. The species is also used to purify water and is recognized as a source of nutrients. The type consists of 13 species that have been extensively domesticated in Asia and Africa, M.O. one of them whose pharmacological values worried scientists to manage. The objective of this study is to provide updated and well-defined information on the traditional uses, biological characteristics, and therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera. It will also evaluate upcoming research opportunities. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and other journal articles published between 1994 and 2021 were used to gather the literature for this paper's review. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other properties of Moringa oleifera are well known. Flavonoids, glucosides, and glucosinolates are present in significant concentrations, which activate the majority of its natural activity. We intend to shed light on this plant by outlining the traditional use and pharmacological properties of Moringa

Prevention of Hepato-renal Toxicity with Moringa oleifera in Gentamicin-treated Rats

The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain if orally administered Moringa oleifera (MO) extract had any protective effects on several biochemical markers in the kidney and liver in gentamicin (GNT)-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: the control group, the MO treated group, the GNT administered group, and the (MO+ GNT) group. The MO+ GNT group received GNT (100 mg/kg b.wt, i.p.) together with Moringa oleifera (400 mg/kg b.wt) for 20 consecutive days. Rats were put to death at the conclusion of the experiment, and blood samples were taken to measure serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total proteins, albumin, and globulin, as well as serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in isolated kidneys and liver. The liver and kidneys were divided into pieces for histology and a few immunohistochemistry tests. Following administration of GNT, there was a significant decrease in the activities of the hepatic and renal CAT, GPX, GSH, SOD, and TAC while there was a significant increase in the levels of MDA, 8OHdG, serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Treatment with MO significantly lessened the histopathological abrasions in the liver and kidney tissue brought on by GNT and restored the levels of renal and hepatic BAX and TNF. It also restored the evaluated criteria to normal values. According to the results, MO has a protective effect against GNT-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats. This effect may be explained by the fact that MO prevents free radical generation and restores antioxidant activity, which reduces the negative effects of GNT

Thymol alleviates imidacloprid-induced testicular toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and expression of steroidogenesis and apoptosis-related genes in adult male rats

The present work was designed to assess the potential ameliorative effect of thymol on the testicular toxicity caused by imidacloprid (IMI) in adult male rats. Forty adult male rats were allocated into four groups; control group was given corn oil, thymol-treated group (30 mg/kg b.wt), IMI-treated group (22.5 mg/kg b.wt), and IMI + thymol-treated group. All administrations were done by gavage every day for duration of 56 days. As a result, the IMI exposure caused a significant decline in the body weight change, reproductive organ weights, sperm functional parameters, and serum level of testosterone, widespread histological alterations, and apoptosis in the testis. Additionally, the IMI-treated rats exhibited a remarkable increment in the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Also, IMI induced testicular oxidative stress, as indicated by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a marked decline in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Moreover, IMI treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of steroidogenic genes and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoexpression in the testicular tissue. However, thymol co-administration significantly mitigated the IMI-induced toxic effects. Our findings suggested that IMI acts as a male reproductive toxicant in rats and thymol could be a potential therapeutic option for IMI reprotoxic impacts