On The Karush – Kuhn – Tucker Reformulation of Bi – Level Geometric Programming Problem with an Interval Coefficients as Multiple Parameters

This paper presents a new approach to solve a special class of bi – level nonlinear programming (NLP) problems with an interval coefficients as multiple parameters. Geometric programming (GP) is a powerful technique developed for solving nonlinear programming (NLP) problems and it is useful in the study of a variety of optimization problems. Many applications of GP in various fields of science and engineering are used to solve certain complex decision making problems. In this paper a new mathematical formulations for a new class of nonlinear optimization models called bi – level geometric programming (BLGP) problem is presented. This problems are not necessarily convex and thus not solvable by standard nonlinear programming techniques. This paper proposed a method to solve BLGP problem where coefficient of objective function as well as coeffiaent of constraints are multiple parameters. Especially the multiple parameters are considered in an interval which are the Arithmetic mean (A.M), Geometric mean (G.M) and Harmonic mean (H. M) of the end points of the interval. In this paper, the values of objective function in interval range of parameters for A. M., G. M. and H. M. are preserved the same relationship. Also, BLGP problem can be converted to a single objective by using the classical karush – kuhn – Tucker (KKT) reformulation and the ability of calculating the bounds of objective value in KKT is basically presented in this paper that may help researchers in constructing more realistic model in optimization field.  Finally, numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the method

Semiclassical Hartree-Fock theory of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensation

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic behavior of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensation with non-zero interatomic interactions theoretically. The analysis relies on a semiclassical Hartree-Fock approximation where an integral is performed over the phase space and function of the grand canonical ensemble is derived. Subsequently, we use this result to derive several thermodynamic quantities including the condensate fraction, critical temperature, entropy and heat capacity. Thereby, we investigate the effect of the rotation rate and interactions parameter on the thermodynamic behavior. The role of finite size is discussed. Our approach can be extended to consider the rotating condensate in optical potential

Occupational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Cervical Screening Intention of Maternity Oncology Nurses

Background: Cervical Cancer could be a preventable disease, and a key aspect of its interference is that the detection of the premalignant form by cervical screening. Nursing could be a skilled job characterized by high stress. Stress could be associated with less practice of health promoting behaviors; however, no study has investigated the relationship between job stress and health screeningbehaviors among nurses in Egypt. Aim: describe the rate of Pap smears in hospital nurses and assess the effects of job stress on receiving cervical cancer screening. Subject and Methods: Purposive sampling included 30 nurses who worked in gynecological inpatient and outpatient department in all general hospitals in Beni-Suef city. Data collection was carried out by self-administered structured questionnaire, Job stressors & Job Satisfaction Scales for Nurses. Results: 86.7% of staff nurses working in maternity oncology units never Performed cervical screening pap smear Previously. 90% & 93.4% of the nurses, respectively, were unsatisfied with their salary and job. 70% of them had anoccupational stress and 100% Perceived occupational health risks. Conclusion: The great majority of nurses has unsatisfied and job stress. Most of them never Performed pap smear Previously and absolutely refuse to do in future. The main cause for refusing cervical screening as mentioned by nurses was a high flow rate of positive cases

Assessment of Nurses’ Performance Regarding Care of Children Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Background: Liver transplantation has become a common surgical procedure worldwide. Children with end stage liver disease or acute liver failure as well as, who suffering from hepatitis C virus and has not responded to conventional medical or surgical intervention, liver transplantation may be the best hope for those children Egypt has the highest hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in the world, whereas, those children have difficulty for responding to conventional medical or surgical intervention. Aim: This study aims to assess nurses’ performance regarding care of children undergoing liver transplantation. Design: Descriptive study was be utilized to conduct the study. Sample: Number and percentage distribution of the studied nurses' according to their characteristics (n=35). Tools: Two tools were used to collect data. Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire. Tool II: Observation Checklist. Result: The current study showed that less than one third of studied nurses age range from 25 to less than 30 years old, three fifth have Bachelor degree, and more than half (51.4%) range from 1 to 5 years. In addition, 57.1% did not receive training about liver transplantation. The majority of studied nurses (94.3%) have correct knowledge regarding the liver' location. less than half of studied nurses (42.9%) had correct knowledge regard the conditions that must be met. The more than half of studied nurses (57.1%) had competent practice of immediate care after liver transplantation (ABC). Conclusion: Most of studied nurses had satisfactory knowledge regarding anatomy and function of the liver but had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding liver transplantation donors’ types and conditions. So, the study answered the research question relation between nurses’ knowledge and practices and their characteristics regarding care of children undergoing liver transplantation. Recommendation: Develop an educational program to meet the actual need of nurses regarding care of children undergoing Liver Transplantation

Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 as a marker to differentiate septic from aseptic meningitis in children: comparison with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein

Background: Differentiating between septic and aseptic meningitis remains a challenge. Procalcitonin (PCT) was suggested by many researchers as a sensitive marker for early diagnosis of septic meningitis but with varying discriminative power. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), a neutrophil and monocyte receptor, is up-regulated during infection with potential role during sepsis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of soluble TREM-1 in comparison to PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) in early diagnosis of septic meningitis and its usefulness to distinguish between septic and aseptic meningitis in children. Study design: Fifty-one children aged 2 to 162 months identified as possible cases of meningitis were included in this case control study. Beside Gram staining, cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and latex agglutination test of CSF, CRP, serum PCT and soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) measurement was done on admission, and after 48-72 hours of treatment. Results: Septic meningitis was diagnosed in 16 (44%) of the studied cases. Although patients with septic meningitis had a significant increase in serum sTREM-1 and PCT levels at the time of admission (median, 25.2 ng/ml and 79.1ng/ml, respectively) in comparison with patients with aseptic meningitis (4.6 ng/ml and 0.7 ng/ml, respectively) and control group (4.1 ng/ml and 0.3 ng/ml, respectively) (p < 0.0001), sTREM-1 showed significantly higher sensitivity (93.7%) and specificity (94.3%) in the early prediction of sepsis with an area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve (95% CI) of 0.94 (0.84 - 0.99) at a cutoff value of 12.4 ng/ml. Moreover, sTREM-1 but not PCT or CRP concentration was significantly lower (P=0.007) at admission in patients with poor outcome than in those with good prognosis. Conclusions: Both serum PCT and sTREM-1 are valuable in early distinguishing septic from aseptic meningitis in children but with markedly higher diagnostic discriminatory power for sTREM-1. Moreover, sTREM-1 has a significant value in predicting the prognosis of cases with septic meningitis. Keywords: Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 – Procalcitonin- C-Reactive Protein - Septic meningitisEgypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;9(2):77-8

Late life vascular risk factors and their association with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Background : Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between higher levels of vascular risk factors  in midlife  and  later development of  dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in elderly subjects with dementia, some studies have shown that these associations may decrease or even reverse. Therefore , our study aimed to find the association between late life cardiovascular risk factors and neurodegenerative dementia in general and AD in particular. Methods :It is a retrospective case control study using electronic medical records  that included   elderly patients  that were reviewed in  Ahmadi hospital  geriatric  clinic , Kuwait , from the period of 1/7/2019 to 1/2/2020. Two hundred and three (203) elderly  patients  with neurodegenerative  dementia  (study group) were recruited for this retrospective study and compared to two hundred and one (201) controls with normal cognition for the presence of vascular risk factors.Results :The study included 404 subjects .Age ranged from 60 to 107 years (mean age 78.79, ±  8.13 SD). AD was found to be the most prevalent  type  of  dementia in the study group  , as 49.3 % (100/203) of the demented patients were diagnosed with AD. No significant  statistical association was found between vascular risk factors  and  dementia (P>0.05) , except for obesity which showed negative association (P<0.001). Regarding AD , no statistical significance was found between AD and diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking nor atrial fibrillation. On the other hand, we  found obesity  and hypertension  more prevalent in the normal cognition group (negative association with P value <0.001,0.05 respectively).    Conclusion : The results of our study support an emerging concept  that, while elevated levels of vascular risk factors in midlife increase the risk of development of dementia and AD later in life, once dementia begins , these associations may be diminished or reversed in the elderly

Current Review of Medical Research in Developing Countries: A Case Study from Egypt

It is amazing to see how medical science has progressed. Medical research is now cross-national and cross-cultural, the relentless progress of globalization poses complex ethical questions for those wishing to do medical research in developing countries. In developing countries, poverty, endemic diseases, and a low level of investment in health care systems influence both the ease of performing and the selection of trials that can benefit the people of the countries. In this chapter, we present an overview of medical research situation in developing countries with critique of different clinical trials that was conducted in Egypt after review. Egypt has 41 universities and 94 health related medical schools. There are 24 faculties of medicine with up to 34 departments in each. Clinical research is an essential mandate for getting Master, Doctorate Degrees, and for promotion of faculty members. In Egypt, the Profession Ethics Regulations issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH) No. 238/2003 was endorsed and maintained in Law 71/2009. Beside these regulations, more than 56 Institutional Review Board (IRB) have been registered. The Egyptian Network of Research Ethics Committees (ENREC) was created in 2008. Yet, in the absence of robust legislative constraints, there is no clear way to avoid violations. Our experience in Tanta Faculty of Medicine is also highlighted in this chapter

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of nanostructured Cr-substituted Ni-Zn spinel ferrites synthesized by a microwave combustion method

Nanoparticles of Cr3+-substituted Ni-Zn ferrites with a general formula Ni0.4Zn0.6-xCrxFe2O4 (x = 0.0 - 0.6) have been synthesized via a facile microwave combustion route. The crystalline phase has been characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-I and XPS revealing the spinel ferrite structure without extra phases. Crystallite sizes of 23 - 32 nm as estimated by XRD analyses, after corrections for crystal stains by Williamson-Hall method, are comparable to the average particle sizes observed by TEM which indicates successfully synthesized nanocrystals. Rietveld refinement analyses of the XRD patterns have inferred a monotonic decrease behavior of the lattice parameter with Cr doping in agreement with Vegard's law of solid solution series. Furthermore, cations distribution with an increased inversion factor indicate the B-site preference of Cr3+ ions. The oxidation states and cations distribution indicated by XPS results imply the Cr3+ doping on the account of Zn2+ ions and a partial reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ to keep the charge balance in a composition series of (Ni2+)0.4(Zn2+, Cr3+)0.6(Fe2+, Fe3+)2(O2-)4. The optical properties were explored by optical UV-Vis spectroscopy indicating allowed direct transitions with band gap energy that decreases from 3.9 eV to 3.7 eV with Cr doping. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye was investigated showing largely enhanced photodecomposition up to 30% of MO dye over Ni0.4Cr0.6Fe2O4 for 6 hours. A vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements at room temperature show further enhancement in the saturation magnetization of Ni0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 , the highest in Ni-Zn ferrites, from about 60 to 70 emu/g with the increase of Cr concentration up to x = 0.1, while the coercivity shows a general increase in the whole range of Cr doping.Comment: 21 page, 9 figure

Synergistic effect of arginine and Lactobacillus plantarum against potassium dichromate induced-acute liver and kidney injury in rats: Role of iNOS and TLR 4/ NF-κB signaling pathways

Objective(s): Our study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of arginine (ARG) and Lactobacillus plantarum against potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) induced-acute hepatic and kidney injury.Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The control group received distilled water. The potassium dichromate group (PDC) received a single dose of PDC (20 mg/kg; SC). The arginine group (ARG) and Lactobacillus plantarum group received either daily doses of ARG (100 mg/kg, PO) or L. plantarum (109 CFU/ml, PO) for 14 days. The combination group (ARG+L. plantarum) received daily doses of ARG (100 mg/kg) with L. plantarum (109 CFU/ml), orally for 14 days, before induction of acute liver and kidney injury. Forty eight hours after the last dose of PDC, serum biochemical indices, oxidative stress biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were evaluated.Results: Combining ARG with L. plantarum restored the levels of serum hepatic & kidney enzymes, hepatic & renal oxidative stress biomarkers, and TLR 4/ NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, they succeeded in decreasing the expression of iNOS and ameliorate the hepatic and renal markers of apoptosis: Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl2.Conclusion: This study depicts that combining ARG with L. plantarum exerted a new bacteriotherapy against hepatic and renal injury caused by PDC