Ferromagnetic Ga₁ˍₓ Mnₓ As produced by ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting

We demonstrate the formation of ferromagneticGa₁ˍₓMnₓAsfilms by Mn ion implantation into GaAs followed by pulsed-laser melting. Irradiation with a single excimer laser pulse results in the epitaxial regrowth of the implanted layer with Mn substitutional fraction up to 80% and effective Curie temperature up to 29 K for samples with a maximum Mn concentration of x≈0.03. A remanent magnetization persisting above 85 K has been observed for samples with x≈0.10, in which 40% of the Mn resides on substitutional lattice sites. We find that the ferromagnetism in Ga₁ˍₓMnₓAs is rather robust to the presence of structural defects.The work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. The work at Harvard was supported by NASA Grant No. NAG8-1680. One of the authors ~M.A.S.! acknowledges support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship

Iinfluence of Main Technological Parameters of Drying on Quality of Bagasse From Carrot and Beet

The work studies the drying process of vegetable bagasse, namely of carrot and beet. There is studied the moisture content kinetics of vegetable bagasse and determined the dependence of the process duration on main technological parameters in the work of a vibration vacuum dryer, namely, an amplitude and frequency. There were studied quality parameters of obtained concentrated products, namely the colorimetric estimation of dried bagasse of carrot and beet. Based on obtained results of the study, it was established, that the use of vibration in the process of drying bagasse favors conservation and formation of colorimetric characteristics of a dried product. Determined color characteristics gave a possibility to establish, that at thermal processing it is very important to decrease the drying process duration and temperature. Research data proved prospects of producing concentrated products, namely, dried bagasse of carrot and beet by the offered method. It allows to regulate quality parameters of a ready product: color, brightness, consistence, viscosity and physical-chemical properties. Obtained concentrated products are characterized with high organoleptic indices, food value. This product may be used in the wide spectrum of food industry, such as, for example: juice supplement, stuff for confectionary mass, filling for confectionary products, as biological supplement for healthy nutrition

The Court; Insulating Itself from Politics through the Doctrine of Political Questions: A Critical Exposition

One of the most controversial theories in constitutional discourse is the doctrine of political questions. The court, by this, seeks to insulate itself from political pressures by avoiding the determination of questions which appear political in nature. The singular reason for this act is basically that some questions, such as this, are outside the purview of the courts to decide. Courts are therefore enjoined to refuse the determination of political questions in order to insulate itself from politics. This is despite the fact that democracy enjoins, constitutionalism, free speech, accountability, transparency, human rights, political pluralism and so on on the part of governmental institutions. The institution in which these concepts are anchored is the court. The paper therefore makes a critical exposition of the doctrine of political questions and contends that the court cannot insulate itself from politics merely because it has avoided the determination of political questions. Rather, this will amount to court abdicating its constitutional role as an organ of government. In this paper, various theories on political questions are examined. Keywords: Judiciary, Political Questions, Constitutionalism, Policy, Democrac

Experimental Test of Morphological Stability Theory for a Planar Interface During Rapid Solidification

We report a parameter-free test of the theory predicting the critical solute concentration that destabilizes a planar solid-liquid interface in the high-velocity regime where nonequilibrium interface kinetics are important. Rapid solidification following pulsed laser melting was used to make metastable solid solutions of silicon-tin. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure the breakdown concentration. Samples remained microsegregation free with near perfect crystallinity at tin concentrations up to 10 times the maximum equilibrium solubility and 100 times that predicted by linear stability theory with local interfacial equilibrium. These measurements, covering velocities from 1 to 10 m/s, agree with the predictions of linear stability theory when the latter incorporates a velocity-dependent partition coefficient and a thermodynamically consistent kinetic liquidus, and contains no adjustable parameters. We also report a systematic increase of the breakdown concentration with increasing deviation from steady-state conditions, which is not addressed by current stability theories, parametrized by the concentration gradient just prior to breakdown.Engineering and Applied Science

Role of acid phosphatase and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations to low phosphorus availability

Received: April 27th, 2022 ; Accepted: July 25th, 2022 ; Published: October, 12th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study aims at evaluating the tolerance of four alfalfa (Medicgao sativa L.) populations to low phosphorus (P) in rooting medium. The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions. The seedlings of 15 old days were subjected to P deficiency using Ca3HPO4, insoluble form and P sufficiency using KH2PO4, as soluble form, at a final concentration of 250 μmol P plant−1. week−1. After 60 days P deficit, several agro–physiological and biochemical traits were measured and determined in both conditions. The obtained results indicated that the P–starvation significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the agroeconomic traits evaluated such as plant dry weight and leaf area. The root and shoot P contents were found (P < 0.001) decreased by low–P availability in the rooting medium. This constraint induced significant (P < 0.001) increase in phosphatase acid activity and caused lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to cells, evaluated through malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents. Our results showed also, that low P availability significantly (P < 0.001) increased the enzymatic antioxidant responses reflected by the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase and catalase. The non-enzymatic antioxidant molecule such as proline and total polyphenols were found significantly increased in alfalfa stressed plants. The behavior of alfalfa populations tested was significantly different (P >0.05). The OL population was found to be the least affected and the DEM was most sensitive one, whereas the populations TATA and RICH showed a moderate tolerance. Our study advises that the tolerance of Moroccan alfalfa populations to low P–availability was associated with increased acid phosphate activity and ability to induce enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses leading to cell detoxification from reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Apply Binary Logistic Regression Model to Recognize the Risk Factors of Diabetes through Measuring Glycated Hemoglobin Levels

This study aimed to identify diabetes risk factors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and explain why diabetes is rapidly spreading there, which examined some sociodemographic characteristics factors that might affect type 2 diabetes such as age, gender, alcohol consumption, and smoking, diabetes family history, and body weight. The data was collected from the hospital of diabetes named the center of diabetes in Sulaymaniyah city of Iraq, in which 218 diabetic cases were used for that purpose. According to the findings, some factors influence type 2 diabetes, such as Gender, Smoking, and Body Weight. For Gender, Females are more likely to have diabetes than males. Also, someone that smokes is more likely to have diabetes than those who do not smoke. Furthermore, with increasing each kilogram of body weight, the diabetes degree increases as well. On the other hand, regarding the results, some factors such as Age, Consumption of Alcoholic, and Diabetes Family History do not affect type 2 diabetes. Depending on the findings, it is recommended that people engage in regular physical activity and consume nutritious foods to minimize weight gain, which is one of the primary causes of diabetes as well as they should quit smoking