The Deepest Supernova Search is Realized in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey has not only provided the deepest optical and near infrared views of universe, but has enabled a search for the most distant supernovae to z~2.2. We have found four supernovae by searching spans of integrations of the Ultra Deep Field and the Ultra Deep Field Parallels taken with the Hubble Space Telescope paired with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Multi Object Spectrometer. Interestingly, none of these supernovae were at z>1.4, despite the substantially increased sensitivity per unit area to such objects over the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. We present the optical photometric data for the four supernovae. We also show that the low frequency of Type Ia supernovae observed at z>1.4 is statistically consistent with current estimates of the global star formation history combined with the non-trivial assembly time of SN Ia progenitors.Comment: 24 pages (6 figures), submitted to the Astronomical Journa

On A Comparison between Two Measures of Spatial Association

Two measures of spatial association between two variables were used by many researchers. These are the Wartenberg (1985) and Lee (2001) measures. Based on simulation for lattice data, the sensitivity of both measures was studied and compared with different choices of spatial structures, spatial weights and sample sizes using bias and mean square error. Different scenarios are used in terms of assumed numbers and sample sizes. Moran’s I is used to examine the spatial autocorrelation of such a variable with itself. Both the Wartenberg and Lee measures are found to be sensitive, however, Wartenberg’s measure is found to be somewhat better than Lee’s measure because it is slightly more sensitive when sample size is small

Persepsi Masyarakat Batang Terhadap Festival Anggaran Pemerintah Kabupaten Batang (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Kecamatan Batang)

. Regional autonomy in Indonesia is the right, authority and obligation of autonomous regions to regulate their own affairs and interests, Including in the preparation of Local Government Budgets becomes the authority for local government. However, the existence of such authority also provides opportunities for irregularities in regional budgeting that can threaten the realization of good governance therefore, in the budgeting process it is necessary to apply principles of transparency, accountability and participation. Budget Festival Government of Batang Regency is one effort to realize the principle of good governance. Therefore, this research tries to find out the perception of society to the implementation of Budget Festival activity and also the benefit of the activity.Samples taken in the research were 100 respondents spread in Batang, Regency Of Batang, Central Java. Samples were drawn using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by questionnaire, observation and interview. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques.The results show that 58% of respondents interpreter the Budget Festival as a means of providing information on the use of Local Government Budget, and by 22% interpreted the Budget Festival as a vehicle for participation, 8% of respondents rate as an activity to increase the popularity of Batang regency, 4% rate as a regular event and 8% respondent do not know the meaning of the activity. From the research results also known that the Budget Festival can increase public knowledge of local government budget, increase community participation and prevent the occurrence of irregularities

Lymphangiogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with VEGF-C Expression and Lymph Node Metastasis

Background. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy that preferentially spreads to the cervical lymph node which, when involved, complicates the anticancer therapy and threatens the patient life. It was suggested that lymph node metastasis may be facilitated by lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-C is one of the most important lymphangiogenic inducers that promotes the lymphatic vessels growth and supports the survival of adult lymphatic endothelial cells. Methods. Lymphatic vessels density (LVD) and LV morphometry were digitally evaluated using D2-40. The expression of VEGF-C was also assessed using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction in 6 normal oral mucosa cases and 72 cases of OSCC. The correlation between LVD and LV morphometry, VEGF-C, and lymph node metastasis was statistically assessed. Results. A positive cytoplasmic expression of VEGF-C was detected in both epithelial and connective tissue cells in 97% of OSCC, while all normal tissues reacted negatively. A greater expression of VEGF-C was associated with larger and more dilated LV and lymph node metastasis but not with LVD. Conclusion. VEGF-C is actively involved in the invasion and metastasis of OSCC via inducing morphological changes in LV. VEGF-C may be a promising target for anticancer therapy

Analisis Perbedaan PSAK 1 Revisi 2013 dengan IAS 1 Tentang Penyajian Laporan Keuangan dan PSAK 3 Revisi 2016 dengan IAS 34 Tentang Laporan Keuangan Interim

An interim financial report is a financial report that includes complete financial statements as described in PSAK No. 1 but in an interim period, or a time span of less than one year. This study aims to explain the comparison of policies that regulate PSAK No. 3 in the preparation of interim financial statements. The method used in this paper is a literature study, where the author collects several relevant national and international journals as the main source for this writing. The results show that the difference between PSAK and IAS is not significantly different. This is due to various factors and conditions in Indonesia. This study reveals that (1) under the supervision of PSAK, IAS does not regulate capital market regulations. (2) PSAK 1 still approves the use of the word "balance sheet" and does not require the use of the word "financial statements". (3) IAS 1 does not apply to several entities, such as sharia entities and the public sector. (4) PSAK 1 which adopts IAS 1 requires the selection of other comprehensive income items before tax to show the amount of tax related to the two groups. (5) IAS 1 lists non-current assets followed by current assets. While in PSAK No. 1 is presented in reverse order. (6) PSAK 3 removes the policy regarding the effective date because it is considered irrelevant. (7) PSAK 3 doesn't adopt contractual changes or anticipate price changes that refer to the conceptual framework because it has not been reviewed by KDPPLK

In vitro anticoagulant effect of methanolic extracts of Artemisia herba-alba, Achillea fragrantissima and Citrullus colocynthis grown in Saudi Arabia

344-350Several medicinal plants are known to possess anticoagulant activity. This study proposed to evaluate the in vitro anticoagulant effect of methanol extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (fruits), Achillea fragrantissima (aerial parts) and Artemisia herba-alba (aerial parts) on normal human plasma. A total of 100 blood samples used in this study were taken from healthy volunteers at the Hematology laboratory of King Khalid Hospital, Al-Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from November 2018 to March 2019, using 3.2% sodium citrate tubes with a collection ratio of 9:1 blood to anticoagulant. PT, INR and PTT were used to assess the anticoagulant activity of these plants. The highest PT results were observed for 1000 µg/mL methanol extract of C. colocynthis (33.7±3.4 s) followed by 1000 µg/mL methanol extract of A. fragrantissima (28.2±2.6 s) and 1000 µg/mL methanol extract of A. herba-alba (26.4±0.2 s). Moreover, the highest PTT values were observed for 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL A. fragrantissima (87.9±1.0, 97.9±5.1 and 112.5±1.1 s, respectively), 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL C. colocynthis (65.1±1.0 and 106.4±0.4 s, respectively) and 1000 µg/mL A. herba-alba (157.0±3.0 s). The anticoagulant effect of methanol extracts of A. herba-alba, A. fragrantissima, and C. colocynthis were evaluated using coagulation assays, in which prolonged clotting time of their methanol extracts was observed. These findings potentially justify the use of these plants in managing arterial and venous thrombotic disorders

Potensi Bakteri Endofit Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan, Produksi, Dan Kandungan Andrografolid Pada Tanaman Sambiloto

Endophytic bacteria live within healthy plant tissue and playimportant roles, such as producing compounds of plant growth regulatorssubstances such as IAA, GA 3 , and Cytokinin. The aims of this research isto evaluate the potential of endophytic bacteria to promote the growth,andrographolide content, and dry matter yield of king of bitter. Theresearch was conducted in the greenhouse of Cimanggu Balittro in October2011-May 2012. Treatments were arranged in a randomized completeblock design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consistof (1) control, and 5 kinds of endophytic bacteria isolates such as (2)20BB, (3) 5MD, (4) 20BD, (5) 20CD (treatments no.2-5, consisted of 4types of isolate), and (6) 90AA (single isolate). The highest presentage ofplant height and number of primary branches were obtained from thetreatment of 20CD (24.7%) and 20BB (42.2%). Increase in the dry herbyield of 25-82.81% was in agreement with increasing in uptake of N (64.7-158.8%), P (50-100%), and K (65-155%). The best treatment with whichyielding high of dry herbs and andrographolide was 20CD isolates (82.81and 142.11%), followed with 20 BB (88.75 and 131.58%), and 20 BD(65.63 and 131.58%). The study implies that endophytic bacteria havepotential for development of king of bitter cultivation