Irrigation management transfer: development and turnover to private water user associations in EgyptLength: pp.11-23Length: pp.427-442

Irrigation managementPrivatizationWater users' associationsPerformance

A static analysis framework for security properties in mobile and cryptographic systems

We introduce a static analysis framework for detecting instances of security breaches in infinite mobile and cryptographic systems specified using the languages of the 7r-calculus and its cryptographic extension, the spi calculus. The framework is composed from three components: First, standard denotational semantics of the 7r-calculus and the spi calculus are constructed based on domain theory. The resulting model is sound and adequate with respect to transitions in the operational semantics. The standard semantics is then extended correctly to non-uniformly capture the property of term substitution, which occurs as a result of communications and successful cryptographic operations. Finally, the non-standard semantics is abstracted to operate over finite domains so as to ensure the termination of the static analysis. The safety of the abstract semantics is proven with respect to the nonstandard semantics. The results of the abstract interpretation are then used to capture breaches of the secrecy and authenticity properties in the analysed systems. Two initial prototype implementations of the security analysis for the 7r-calculus and the spi calculus are also included in the thesis. The main contributions of this thesis are summarised by the following. In the area of denotational semantics, the thesis introduces a domain-theoretic model for the spi calculus that is sound and adequate with respect to transitions in the structural operational semantics. In the area of static program analysis, the thesis utilises the denotational approach as the basis for the construction of abstract interpretations for infinite systems modelled by the 7r-calculus and the spi calculus. This facilitates the use of computationally significant mathematical concepts like least fixed points and results in an analysis that is fully compositional. Also, the thesis demonstrates that the choice of the term-substitution property in mobile and cryptographic programs is rich enough to capture breaches of security properties, like process secrecy and authenticity. These properties are used to analyse a number of mobile and cryptographic protocols, like the file transfer protocol and the Needham-Schroeder, SPLICE/AS, Otway-Rees, Kerberos, Yahalom and Woo Lam authentication protocols

Telehealthcare for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of irreversible airways obstruction in which patients often suffer exacerbations. Sometimes these exacerbations need hospital care: telehealthcare has the potential to reduce admission to hospital when used to administer care to the pateint from within their own home. OBJECTIVES: To review the effectiveness of telehealthcare for COPD compared with usual face‐to‐face care. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register, which is derived from systematic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, and PsycINFO; last searched January 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials which assessed telehealthcare, defined as follows: healthcare at a distance, involving the communication of data from the patient to the health carer, usually a doctor or nurse, who then processes the information and responds with feedback regarding the management of the illness. The primary outcomes considered were: number of exacerbations, quality of life as recorded by the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, hospitalisations, emergency department visits and deaths. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted data. We combined data into forest plots using fixed‐effects modelling as heterogeneity was low (I(2) < 40%). MAIN RESULTS: Ten trials met the inclusion criteria. Telehealthcare was assessed as part of a complex intervention, including nurse case management and other interventions. Telehealthcare was associated with a clinically significant increase in quality of life in two trials with 253 participants (mean difference ‐6.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) ‐13.62 to 0.48); minimum clinically significant difference is a change of ‐4.0), but the confidence interval was wide. Telehealthcare showed a significant reduction in the number of patients with one or more emergency department attendances over 12 months; odds ratio (OR) 0.27 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.66) in three trials with 449 participants, and the OR of having one or more admissions to hospital over 12 months was 0.46 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.65) in six trials with 604 participants. There was no significant difference in the OR for deaths over 12 months for the telehealthcare group as compared to the usual care group in three trials with 503 participants; OR 1.05 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.75). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Telehealthcare in COPD appears to have a possible impact on the quality of life of patients and the number of times patients attend the emergency department and the hospital. However, further research is needed to clarify precisely its role since the trials included telehealthcare as part of more complex packages

Process modelling of a PVC production plant

This paper presents the modelling of a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) resins manufacturing process with batch process simulator, SuperPro Designer V6.0. The simulation model has been developed based on the operating condition of a local PVC manufacturing plant. As the polymerisation process is carried out in batch operation mode, efforts have been made to document the scheduling details of each unit operation and results are presented in the Gantt chart. Cycle time for a complete polymerisation process is determined to be 14.28 hours. The model also reveals that approximately 17 batches of polymerisation reaction can be processed per day, which tallies the real operation of the PVC manufacturing plant

Sistem Pemonitor Detak Jantung Portable Menggunakan Tiga Sensor Elektroda

- Elektrokardiogram (EKG) adalah sinyal fisiologis yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas listrik jantung. Sinyal ini direkam menggunakan elektrokardiograf. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sistem pemantauan denyut jantung dengan menggunakan tiga sensor elektroda timah. Memroses aplikasi perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi yang dihasilkan dari modul. Perangkat keras front-end adalah modul Heart Rate Monitor AD8232, mikrokontroler ATmega328 Arduino mini pro, dan elektroda. Peralatannya memiliki dimensi kecil sehingga bisa dibawa kemana saja menjadi perangkat yang dpt dipakai. Sistem ini diuji menggunakan FLUKE 410PS ECG Simulator yang bisa menghasilkan sinyal yang menyerupai detak jantung. Pengolah IDE digunakan untuk menyediakan antarmuka pengguna Beats Per Minute (BPM). Kata Kunci - Electrocardiogram (ECG), 3 Lead Elektrocardiograph, Arduino, FLUKE 410PS

Konstruksi Integral Menggunakan Fungsi Sederhana – Pada [A,b]

In this paper, weconstruct the δ – simple functionusing the δ- fine Perron partition. By this function, we defineintegral, which is called Ho integral

Peningkatan Kreativitas Anak melalui Bermain Plastisin di Tk Satu Atap Sdn Lamlheu Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Plastisin merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk anak, dan terdapat beberapa orang anak yang belum mampu membentuk menggunakan plastisin. Maka penelitian ini mengangkat masalah bagaimana peningkatan kreativitas anak melalui bermain plastisin di TK Satu Atap SDN Lamlheu Kabupaten Aceh Besar?. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kreativitas anak saat bermain plastisin di TK Satu Atap SDN Lamlheu Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah melalui bermain plastisin dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak di TK Satu Atap SDN Lamlheu Kabupaten Aceh Besar”. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia TK B di TK Satu Atap SDN Lamlheu berjumlah 14 orang anak yang terdiri dari 12 laki-laki dan 2 perempuan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Pada setiap siklus mencangkup 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui observasi dan unjuk kerja. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bermain plastisin dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak di TK Satu Atap SDN Lamlheu Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Pada prasiklus terdapat 10 orang anak yang kreativitasnya belum berkembang (BB), dan 4 orang anak yang kreativitasnya mulai berkembang (MB). Pada siklus I terdapat 6 orang anak yang kreativitasnya mulai berkembang (MB), sudah mampu membentuk dua macam bentuk buah yang berbeda, dan 8 orang anak yang kreativitasnya berkembang Sesuai harapan (BSH), sudah mampu membentuk tiga macam bentuk buah yang berbeda. Pada siklus II terdapat 1 orang anak yang kreativitasnya mulai berkembang (MB), sudah dapat membentuk dua macam bentuk buah yang berbeda, 4 orang anak kreativitasnya berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH), sudah mampu membentuk tiga macam bentuk buah yang berbeda dan 9 orang anak kreativitasnya berkembang sangat baik (BSB), mampu membentuk empat atau lebih macam bentuk buah yang berbeda. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa “bermain plastisin dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak di TK Satu Atap SDN Lamlheu Kabupaten Aceh Besar”. Disarankan kepada pendidik agar bermain plastisin dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran di TK untuk mengembangkan kreativitas anak