Bayesian Group Chain Sampling Plan Based on Beta Binomial Distribution Through Quality Region

In this article, we introduced Bayesian Group Chain Sampling Plan (BGChSP) using different combination of parameters. In acceptance sampling plan, the random fluctuations can be describe in the selection of distribution Bayesian approach which is based on prior process history. We apply beta distribution as a suitable prior distribution. By considering consumer’s and producer’s risks, we consider Probabilistic and Indifference Quality Regions for the specified AQL and LQL. For the selection of parameters in BGChSP, Maximum Allowable Percent Defectives (MAPD) is also considered

Bayesian two-sided complete group chain sampling plan for poisson distribution with gamma prior

For statistical quality assurance based on the inspection of a random sample, acceptance sampling plan help to decide whether the lot should be accepted or rejected. Most traditional plans only focus on minimizing the consumer’s risk, but producer’s risk also should not be ignored in acceptance sampling plan. Therefore, this study focuses on reducing both producer’s and consumer’s risks through the quality region. This study proposes a Bayesian two-sided complete group chain sampling plan (BTSCGChSP) for the average probability of lot acceptance. The Poisson distribution with gamma as prior distribution is used to derive the average probability of lot acceptance. Next, R programing language is used to obtain the average number of defectives according to average probability of acceptance and pre-specified values of design parameters. For selected design parameters in BTSCGChSP, the acceptable quality level (AQL) associated with producer’s risk and limiting quality level (LQL) associated with consumer’s risk are considered to estimate quality regions. In this paper, four quality regions are measured: (i) probabilistic quality region (PQR), (ii) quality decision region (QDR), (iii) limiting quality region (LQR) and (iv) indifference quality region (IQR). Operating characteristic curves (OC) are used for performance comparison with existing Bayesian group chain sampling plan (BGChSP) for the same probability of lot acceptance and other design parameter values. Findings validate that BTSCGChSP provides more ideal OC curve than BGChSP for the same probability of acceptance. For quality regions with the same values of consumer’s and producer’s risks, then the BTSCGChSP region will contain fewer defectives than in the BGChSP region. Hence, the proposed plan is a better substitute for existing BGChSP

Performance Improvement of Time-Sensitive Fronthaul Networks in 5G Cloud-RANs Using Reinforcement Learning-Based Scheduling Scheme

The rapid surge in internet-driven smart devices and bandwidth-hungry multimedia applications demands high-capacity internet services and low latencies during connectivity. Cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) are considered the prominent solution to meet the stringent requirements of fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks by deploying the fronthaul transport links between baseband units (BBUs) and remote radio heads (RRHs). High-capacity optical links could be conventional mainstream technology for deploying the fronthaul in C-RANs. But densification of optical links significantly increases the cost and imposes several design challenges on fronthaul architecture which makes them impractical. Contrary, Ethernet-based fronthaul links can be lucrative solutions for connecting the BBUs and RRHs but are inadequate to meet the rigorous end-to-end delays, jitter, and bandwidth requirements of fronthaul networks. This is because of the inefficient resource allocation and congestion control schemes for the capacity constraint Ethernet-based fronthaul links. In this research, a novel reinforcement learning-based optimal resource allocation scheme has been proposed which eradicates the congestion and improves the latencies to make the capacity-constraints low-cost Ethernet a suitable solution for the fronthaul networks. The experiment results verified a notable 50% improvement in reducing delay and jitter as compared to the existing schemes. Furthermore, the proposed scheme demonstrated an enhancement of up to 70% in addressing conflicting time slots and minimizing packet loss ratios. Hence, the proposed scheme outperforms the existing state-of-the-art resource allocation techniques to satisfy the stringent performance demands of fronthaul networks.</p

Acute Traumatic Subdural Hematoma: Series of Thirty Cases

Objectives: Acute Traumatic Subdural Hematoma (ASDH) is one of the most dangerous and challenging neurosurgical problems faced by neurosurgeons. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) and falls are the most common causes of ASDH. This study focused to evaluate the incidence, mode, and severity of the injury, treatment options, and determine outcomes in patients with ASDH. Material &amp; Methods:&nbsp;&nbsp;Thirty patients with ASDH were studied over a period of three years. Detailed history, general and neurological examination including GCS were noted, CT scans were done and patients managed according to said protocol. Results:&nbsp;&nbsp;Twenty-three (76.66%) were male and Seven (23.33%) were female. The common mode of injury were road traffic accidents (66.66%) and falls (26.66%). Out of 30 patients, 53.33% had GCS 3-5. Overall, the mortality rate was 60%. 23.33% of patients survived with severe disability and 10% of patients showed moderate disability and good recovery. The mortality rate&nbsp;was higher in patients above 50 years of age. Conclusion:&nbsp;&nbsp;Acute traumatic subdural hematoma is still very fatal and has a high mortality. Early CT scanning emergency, surgery and good postoperative ICU care can play a role in improving the outcome in patients with ASDH

Perioperative registries in resource-limited settings: The way forward for Pakistan

Capable of improving surgical quality, perioperative registries can allow performance benchmarking, reliable reporting and the development of risk-prediction models. Well established in high-income countries, perioperative registries remain limited in lower- and middle-income countries due to several challenges. First, ensuring comprehensive data entry forums to power the registries is difficult because of limited electronic medical records requiring sustained efforts to develop and integrate these into practice. Second, lack of adequate expertise and resources to develop and maintain registry software necessitates the involvement of software developers and information technology personnel. Third, case ascertainment and item completion are challenging secondary to poor-quality medical records and high loss-to-follow-up rates, requiring telemedicine initiatives as an adjunct to existing care for the assessment of post-discharge outcomes. Lastly, standardised coding of clinical terminology is warranted for ensuring interoperability of the registries for which adaptation of the existing disease and procedural codes can be a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to the development of new codes

Profile of dementia patients from a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan

BACKGROUND: According to an estimate currently over 46 million people live with dementia worldwide and 58% reside in developing countries. However like some other developing countries, not much is known about the demographics, characteristics, and associated conditions of those suffering from dementia in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To study profile of dementia patients from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Men Health Seeking Behaviour: A literature review

Gender equality between males and females is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) that the nation must address. However, compared to women, the health status of men lags. The objectives are to describe and summarize the factors influencing men's health-seeking behaviour in various health problems from published literature. Methods: The literature search was performed using online databases in Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. Findings: In a total of  22 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the factors identified were predisposing factors (socio-demographic, health belief), enabling factors (healthcare services and facilities, alternative medicine, social support), and need factors (perceived need). Keywords: Men; Health-seeking; Factors; Review eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.348

Serum Alpha 1 Antitrypsin and Pulmonary Emphysema

Using isoelectric focusing (lEE) and radial immunodiffusion (RID) techniques, serum samples from 100 normal healthy adults and 21 patients with pulmonary emphysema were analysed to identify varioud alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes and the Seru m concentrations,Ten percent of the patients had low serum values. The normal or most common genetic form, MM, is the predominant phenotype in both controls and patients (JPMA 46:102, 1996)

Decompressive Craniotomy Verses Conservative Management in Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries

Materials and Methods: Study design; prospective study, department of neurosurgery SZH, Rahim Yar Khan. Study Duration: 2 years and 1 month from 1 st June 2011 to 31 July 2013. Study Subject: 100 patients were divided into two groups i.e. I and II Group. Group I patients were managed conservatively and group II patients were managed surgically. Follow up was done at 3, 6, 9, 12 months after discharge and outcome in terms of improvement in GCS was compared between these two groups. Results: Improvement in GCS to 11 or above was achieved in 60% patients of group I and in 68% patients of group II who were discharged with GCS 12 or above. Conclusion: Our study suggests that operative measures for TBI gives better outcome as compared to conservative management. Abbreviations: GCS = Decompressive craniotomy, duraplasty. ICP = Intracranial hypertension. TBI = Traumatic brain injury. ICU = Intensive Care Unit

Automated quantification of mitral valve geometry on multi-slice computed tomography in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Implications for transcatheter mitral valve replacement

Objectives The primary aim of this study was to quantify the dimensions and geometry of the mitral valve complex in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and significant mitral regurgitation. The secondary aim was to evaluate the validity of an automated segmentation algorithm for assessment of the mitral valve compared to manual assessment on computed tomography. Background Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is an evolving technique which relies heavily on the lengthy evaluation of cardiac computed tomography (CT) datasets. Limited data is available on the dimensions and geometry of the mitral valve in pathological states throughout the cardiac cycle, which may have implications for TMVR device design, screening of suitable candidates and annular sizing prior to TMVR. Methods A retrospective study of 15 of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who had undergone full multiphase ECG gated cardiac CT. A comprehensive evaluation of mitral valve geometry was performed at 10 phases of the cardiac cycle using the recommended D-shaped mitral valve annulus (MA) segmentation model using manual and automated CT interpretation platforms. Mitral annular dimensions and geometries were compared between manual and automated methods. Results Mitral valve dimensions in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were similar to previously reported values (MAarea Diastole: 12.22 ± 1.90 cm2), with dynamic changes in size and geometry between systole and diastole of up to 5%. The distance from the centre of the MA to the left ventricular apex demonstrated moderate agreement between automated and manual methods (ρc = 0.90) with other measurements demonstrating poor agreement between the two methods (ρc = 0.75–0.86). Conclusions Variability of mitral valve annulus measurements are small during the cardiac cycle. Novel automated algorithms to determine cardiac cycle variations in mitral valve geometry may offer improved segmentation accuracy as well as improved CT interpretation times