Classification of Emphysema Patterns in Computed Tomography Based On Gabor Filter

Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affecting millions of people worldwide. Patients with emphysema typically have breathing difficulty. Early detection using Computed Tomography (CT) scan image can save many of the emphysema patients life. Furthermore, it helps the medical practitioners in planning suitable treatments for patients. The CT scan of human lungs are commonly taken from 3 different directions; center, bottom and top. The images obtained from different slices are then used by radiologist to identify normal or abnormal tissues. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has becomes part of routine clinical work for assisting radiologist in detection of abnormal tissue in many screening sites and hospitals. One of the main processing technique in CAD is texture classification and analysis. In this research, a Gabor-based emphysema classification algorithm is proposed. Gabor filter offer the advantage of multi-resolution and multi-orientation properties and is optimal for measuring local spatial frequencies. In essence, the Gabor transform is performed by applying Gaussian masks prior to the discrete wavelet transform. The extracted feature from the Gabor filter is in the form of local energy calculated at different scale and orientation. The proposed emphysema classification algorithm involves four aspects, image pre-processing, feature extraction, matching (classification), and decision making. In the classification stage, the k-NN classifier is used to classify the CT images to two different classes which are Normal Tissue (NT) and Abnormal Tissue; Centrilobular Emphysema (CLE) and Paraseptal Emphysema (PSE). The proposed algorithm is evaluated using k-fold cross validation technique and its performance is shown to produce low misclassification rate of 0.01%

Classification of Emphysema Patterns in Computed Tomography Based On Gabor Filter

Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affecting millions of people worldwide. Patients with emphysema typically have breathing difficulty. Early detection using Computed Tomography (CT) scan image can save many of the emphysema patients life. Furthermore, it helps the medical practitioners in planning suitable treatments for patients. The CT scan of human lungs are commonly taken from 3 different directions; center, bottom and top. The images obtained from different slices are then used by radiologist to identify normal or abnormal tissues. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has becomes part of routine clinical work for assisting radiologist in detection of abnormal tissue in many screening sites and hospitals. One of the main processing technique in CAD is texture classification and analysis. In this research, a Gabor-based emphysema classification algorithm is proposed. Gabor filter offer the advantage of multi-resolution and multi-orientation properties and is optimal for measuring local spatial frequencies. In essence, the Gabor transform is performed by applying Gaussian masks prior to the discrete wavelet transform. The extracted feature from the Gabor filter is in the form of local energy calculated at different scale and orientation. The proposed emphysema classification algorithm involves four aspects, image pre-processing, feature extraction, matching (classification), and decision making. In the classification stage, the k-NN classifier is used to classify the CT images to two different classes which are Normal Tissue (NT) and Abnormal Tissue; Centrilobular Emphysema (CLE) and Paraseptal Emphysema (PSE). The proposed algorithm is evaluated using k-fold cross validation technique and its performance is shown to produce low misclassification rate of 0.01%

FABRICATION OF ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLEDs) FOR FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are thin film devices in which organic materials are sandwiched between two electrodes. These devices emit light when electricity is passed through them. OLEDs have gained much attention because their potential applications to full color flat panel displays. Generally, OLEDs are assembled using an heterojunction architecture between three or more organic molecular materials: an electron injection layer, the emitting one and finally the hole injection layer. There are two types of OLED devices, depend on the type of molecular materials used in the devices. The first type is Small Molecule OLED. The production of small-molecule OLEDs require vacuum deposition. The second type is Light-Emitting Polymer. In this technology, the organic thin films can be deposited by spin coating or by a technique derived from commercial inkjet printing. This paper discusses the fabrication of both types of OLEDs. A small molecule blue organic light emitting diode was fabricated using thermal evaporation system with ITO/2-TNATA/NPB/DPVBi:dopant/ Alq3/LiF/Al structure, where the emitting molecules is 4,4’-bis(2,2’-diphenylvinyl)-1,1’-biphenyl (DPVBi). The typical brightness, the power consumption and the turn-on voltage of the device were 30 cd/m2, less than 50 mW and 5.0 V respectively. For polymer light-emitting diode, device with structure of ITO/PHF/Al structure was fabricated, where PHF is poly (4, 4’-diphenylene diphenylvinylene). This device has turn-on voltage at 23.0 V. A reduction of turn-on voltage of this device is achieved by using a nanocomposite layer consisting of PHF and SiO2 nanoparticles as the emitting layer. A white OLED combines with colour filters is one of the approaches to obtained full colour flat screen display. White light emitting devices were fabricated with structure of ITO/PHF:rubrene/Al where the white light was optimized through variation of mixing concentrations of PHF and rubrene. The results show that the combination of 0.6 wt% PHF and 0.06 wt% rubrene produced the optimum white light at CIE coordinate of (0.31,0.31). The standard coordinate for white light is (0.33,0.33). The turn-on voltage of this device is 14.0 V and the brightness is 6541 cd/m2. The turn-on of this device was reduced to 8.0 V through an annealing process at 150°C. Keywords : Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), small molecule device, polymer light-emitting diode, display

The Influence of Organizational Culture on Improving the Performance of Educational Staff : Case Study at Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture on improving the performance of education personnel at IBI Kesatuan. The variables used are loyalty and responsibility as independent variables, performance as the dependent variable and teamwork as the intervening variable.  Quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire resulted as many as 58 (fifty eight) education personnel respondents at IBI Kesatuan, then the data was measured using Path Analysis through the SPSS v.22 program.  Analysis of model 1 indicates that loyalty has a positive effect on teamwork, while responsibility does not have a positive effect on teamwork.  From the analysis of model 2, it is found that loyalty has a positive and significant effect on performance, Responsibility has a positive and significant effect on performance, while Tteamwork has no significant effect on performance. However, simultaneously obtained the results that the influence of loyalty, responsibility and teamwork together give a very strong influence on performance

An analytical study on enacting teen curfew law in Malaysia / Tengku Nurul Syuhada Tengku Abdul Azis … [et al.]

The issues of juvenile crimes and social problems have become one of the biggest issue in Malaysia. Most people only know to talk or become the "keyboard warrior" in judging the committers. However, without realized, there is still no concrete way to curb this problem. Thus, in order to deter this problem, our group consists of four members had agreed to propose the enactment of teen curfew law in Malaysia. In our country, there is no such law has been implementing, therefore we had agreed to choose United States of America as the role model. By this research, we had received goods responds from the respondents which they are agreed for the implementation of this law in our country

Presence of methicillin resistance and heteroresistance among Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) isolates obtained from health sciences students at a Public University

This study was carried out to investigate the Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) nasal carriage and the presence of methicillin resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS) among health sciences students at Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. A total of 120 isolates of CoNS (62.5%) was isolated from 192 student volunteers. The mecA gene was detected in 15 isolates of CoNS (12.5%). Eight out of the 15 isolates of mecA positive CoNS were resistant to cefoxitin in disc diffusion test whereas the remaining seven isolates of mecA positive CoNS were susceptible to cefoxitin. Analysis of questionnaires showed no significant association between CoNS nasal carriage and the socio-demographic and risk factors except for the genders and history of cold (P < 0.050). Generally, this finding showed a relatively low level of methicillin resistance among CoNS nasal carriage from student volunteers