A comparative analysis of gamma and hadron families at the superhigh energies recorded in experiment Pamir

A comparative analysis of hadron and gamma families which have undergone the decascading procedure is made. Results are compared with different models of interactions. In hadron families with energies Summary E sub H sup gamma 20 TeV as well as in gamma families with energies Summary E sub gamma 70 TeV, increasing azimuthal anisotropy is observed

Life cycle of Bilharziella polonica (Trematoda, Schistosomatidae) parasite of semi-aquatic birds in Uzbekistan

Schistosomatidae are an actively studied ecological group of trematodes. Their ability to cause various parasitic diseases in animals and humans makes them an interesting object of study for a number of research centres worldwide. One of the commonest species in this group is Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewsky, 1895), whose mature stages have been recorded in aquatic and semi-aquatic birds in Uzbekistan. Our research team established that the following birds were infected with mature trematodes B. polonica: Anas platyrhynchos (23%), A. crecca (18%), Podiceps ruficollis (11%), Ardea cinerea (14%) and one individual of Oxyura leucocephala. The highest infection rate was shown by the mallard A. platyrhynchos (23%) and common teal A. crecca (18%). The infection intensity ranged between 2 and 27 individuals. Research into various types of water bodies in Karakalpakstan identified 10 mollusc species – Lymnaeidae (4 species), Planorbidae (4 species) and Physidae (2 species). Cercariae morphologically similar to larvae of B. polonica were found in two species, Planorbis planorbis and P. tangitarensis. 6 chicks of domestic ducks were experimentally infected with those cercariae to track the life cycle of B. polonica in the organism of a definitive host. Helmintholological dissections showed that every duck was infected with B. polonica, which became mature 23–27 days after the infection. Eggs of B. polonica were recorded in the excrement of one of the birds 33–35 days after the infection. Based on field and experimental research, we identify the mollusc P. tangitarensis as a new intermediate host for B. polonica in Uzbekistan

Simple Classification of Light Baryons

We introduce a classification number $n$ which describes the baryon mass information in a fuzzy manner. According to $n$ and $J^p$ of baryons, we put all known light baryons in a simple table in which some baryons with same ($n$, $J^p$) are classified as members of known octets or decuplets. Meanwhile, we predict two new possible octets.Comment: 5 latex pages, 5 tables, no figur

Low energy neutrino scattering measurements at future Spallation Source facilities

In the future several Spallation Source facilities will be available worldwide. Spallation Sources produce large amount of neutrinos from decay-at-rest muons and thus can be well adapted to accommodate state-of-the-art neutrino experiments. In this paper low energy neutrino scattering experiments that can be performed at such facilities are reviewed. Estimation of expected event rates are given for several nuclei, electrons and protons at a detector located close to the source. A neutrino program at Spallation Sources comprises neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements relevant for neutrino and core-collapse supernova physics, electroweak tests and lepton-flavor violation searches.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 5 table

Schistosomatidae from the trematode fauna of aquatic and semi-aquatic birds in Uzbekistan

The article discusses the infection of wetland birds in Uzbekistan with the trematodes Schistosomatidae Stiles et Hassall, 1898. The research covered 282 individuals from the main groups of birds represented by the orders Pelecaniformes, Ciconiformes, Anseriformes, Gruiformes, Podicipediformes and Charadriiformes. The Schistosomatidae fauna of Uzbekistan includes 13 species: Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewsky, 1895), Trichobilharzia ocellata (La Valette, 1854), T. filiformis (Szidat, 1938), T. kowalewskii (Ejsmont, 1929), T. tatianae (Spasskaja, 1953), Macrobilharzia macrobilharzia Trawassos, 1923, Ornithobilharzia canaliculata (Rudolphi, 1819), O. baeri Fain, 1955, Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta (Braun, 1901), D. loossi Skrjabin, 1924, D. anatinarum Cheatum, 1941, Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 and Gigantobilharziella monocotylea (Szidat, 1930). Predominant are representatives of the genera Trichobilharzia and Dendritobilharzia. The species composition of Schistosomatidae is most diverse in birds from the lower reaches of the Amu Darya, where a high rate of infection with larvae of some of these trematodes was also recorded in aquatic molluscs. 11 species of molluscs were registered in the studied regions: Galba truncatula (Muller, 1774), Stagnicola corvus (Gmelin, 1791), Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805), Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758), P. tangitarensis Germain, 1918, Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758), Gyraulus albus (Muller, 1774), Melanoides kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, 1980, from the families Lymnaeidae (4 species), Planorbidae (4 species), Physidae (2 species) and Thiaridae (1 species). They are identified as intermediate hosts of Schistosomatidae and were infected with 7 species of flukes. The total rate of infection with larval stages of Schistosomatidae in molluscs was about 2.0%. The highest infection rate was observed in Melanoides kainarensis – 5.3%. Morpho-biological indicators for mature forms of B. polonica from different bird species (Anas platyrhynchos and Oxyura leucocephala) were confirmed by molecular genetic studies. The study identified foci of birds’ infection with Schistosomatidae and the occurrence of human cercarial dermatitis

Monte Carlo simulation for jet fragmentation in SUSY-QCD

We present results from a new Monte Carlo simulation for jet fragmentation in QCD and SUSY QCD for large primary energies $\sqrt s$ up to $10^{16}$ GeV. In the case of SUSY QCD the simulation takes into account not only gluons and quarks as cascading particles, but also their supersymmetric partners. A new model-independent hadronization scheme is developed, in which the hadronization functions are found from LEP data. An interesting feature of SUSY QCD is the prediction of a sizeable flux of the lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs), if R-parity is conserved. About 10% of the jet energy is transferred to LSPs which, owing to their harder spectra, constitute an important part of the spectra for large $x=E/E_{jet}$. Spectra of protons and of secondary particles, photons and neutrinos, are also calculated. These results have implications for the decay of superheavy particles with masses up to the GUT scale, which have been suggested as a source of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.Comment: latex, 25 pages with 17 eps figure

Biodiversity of helminths in Karakul sheep in the Khorezm Oasis of Uzbekistan

The purpose of the research is to study the helminth fauna and the structure of helminthocenoses of Karakul sheep in the Khorezm Oasis of Uzbekistan.Materials and methods. The material for this study was helminths collected by conventional methods from Karakul sheep from farms of different types in the Khorezm Region. A total of 13 sheep were studied. To identify the dominant helminth infections in sheep, 110 sets of individual organs were examined by the method of partial helminthological dissections. Helminths were collected in slaughterhouses of the Bagat, Kushkupyr, Urgench, Yangiaryk and Shavat Districts of the Khorezm Region. Additionally, the helminths collected from sheep in the Khorezm Region for 2015–2021 were used.Results and discussion. We found that the helminth fauna of Karakul sheep from the Khorezm Oasis was represented by 22 species of the classes Cestoda, Trematoda and Nematoda. Cestodes were represented by 6 species, trematodes by 3 species, and nematodes by 13 species. The faunistic composition of helminths in studied animals was noticeably depleted as compared to other Uzbekistan regions due to natural and ecological conditions of the Khorezm Oasis. The total helminth infection rate in sheep was 100%. The intensity of infection varied depending on the season of the year and the age of sheep and ranged from tens to several thousand specimens. Almost all organs and systems of the animals were found to be ecological niches of the above helminths. Most of helminth species were common to both domesticated and wild ungulates

Local charge compensation from colour preconfinement as a key to the dynamics of hadronization

If, as is commonly accepted, the colour-singlet, `preconfined', perturbative clusters are the primary units of hadronization, then the electric charge is necessarily compensated locally at the scale of the typical cluster mass. As a result, the minijet electric charge is suppressed at scales that are greater than the cluster mass. We hence argue, and demonstrate by means of Monte Carlo simulations using HERWIG, that the scale at which charge compensation is violated is close to the mass of the clusters involved in hadronization, and its measurement would provide a clue to resolving the nature of the dynamics. We repeat the calculation using PYTHIA and find that the numbers produced by the two generators are similar. The cluster mass distribution is sensitive to soft emission that is considered unresolved in the parton shower phase. We discuss how the description of the splitting of large clusters in terms of unresolved emission modifies the algorithm of HERWIG, and relate the findings to the yet unknown underlying nonperturbative mechanism. In particular, we propose a form of $\alpha_S$ that follows from a power-enhanced beta function, and discuss how this $\alpha_S$ that governs unresolved emission may be related to power corrections. Our findings are in agreement with experimental data.Comment: 37 pages, 20 figure

Towards a common origin of the elliptic flow, ridge and alignment

It is claimed that elliptic flow, ridge and alignment are effects of azimuthal asymmetry, which have a common origin evolving with primary energy and stemming from the general structure of field-theoretical matrix elements. It interrelates a new ridge-phenomenon, recently found at the LHC and RHIC, with known coplanarity feature observed in collider jet physics as well as in cosmic ray studies.Comment: 4 pages, few typos fixed, reference added, version published in JETP Letter