Black Lives, British Justice: Black people in London Criminal Justice Records 1720-1841

This dataset brings together all 698 known references to ‘Black’ or possibly Black African heritage people or groups in selected records of London’s criminal justice (1720-1841). The individuals were trial witnesses, victims, prosecutors, defendants, and people mentioned in passing during testimony. For each entry, a confidence level is offered by the authors, as a person’s race cannot always be determined with certainty. Even when the evidence looks strong, sometimes further research will uncover alternate findings about someone’s ethnicity. For example, the 1838 trial for Henry Johnson describes him as a “black man,” but the Van Diemen’s Land “Founders and Survivors Convicts 1802-1853” project has uncovered a record that suggests Johnson was born in the “East Indies” and was therefore probably of Indian ethnicity.[2] Evidence for making that judgment is provided in three columns of the dataset that provide quoted material from the primary source that was used in making decisions. The final column provides some clarification on the type of evidence that led to each given confidence classification. Entries that the authors judged “very unlikely Black” are included in this dataset to prevent future researchers from thinking we missed out on marginal cases, and instead is meant to foreground the decision-making process and open it to scrutiny. This dataset is useful for anyone interested in Black history in Britain, Black people and justice, or Black London during the age of enslavement

Determination of significant variables to particulate matter (PM10) variations in northern region, Malaysia during haze episodes (2006-2015)

The most substantial air pollutant variables during haze episode in Northern region for 10-consecutive years (2006-2015) were analyzed and highlighted. ANN together with SAPCR were integrated to identify the variables contributed to fluctuation of particulate matter (PM10) during haze period. 13 variables including air pollutant and meteorological factor were included as explorable variables. The humidity, wind speed and ozone were recognized as determinant to PM10 variation during haze from 2006-2015. Three artificial neural models were created based on all parameters, leave-out method and PCR-factor loading. The best model will be selected based on a few criterions like determination of coefficient, R2, root-mean-square-error and squared sum of all errors. ANN-HM-LO was a better model than ANN-HM-PCR in overall prediction performance with R2 result for ANN-HM-LO was 0.839, whilst ANN-HM-PCR was just 0.801.Keywords: haze studies; sensitivity analysis; artificial neural network; principal component regressio

Generic skills requirements (KSA model) towards future mechanical engineers using discriminant analysis

Generic Skills is a basic requirement that engineers need to master in all areas of Engineering. This study was conducted throughout the peninsular Malaysia involving small, medium and heavy industries using the KSA Model. The objectives of this study are studying the level of requirement of Generic Skills that need to be mastered in order to become a competitive Mechanical Engineer and identifying the most dominant Generic Skills required by the industry/employer towards the future of the Mechanical Engineer. The set of questionnaires distributed to respondents was analyzed using software XLSTAT2014 software to obtain Descriptive Statistics and Discriminant Analysis (DA) as required to achieve the objective of the study. This study will guide all future engineers, especially in the field of Mechanical Engineering in Malaysia to penetrate the job market according to the current market needs.Keywords: generic skills; KSA model; mechanical engineers; discriminant analysi

Determination of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air samples in Irbid, north Jordan

Air samples were collected at an urban site and a rural (BERQESH) site during February (2017) until March (2017) to determine concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Air. The extraction process was done by using Soxhlet apparatus and methylene chloride as solvent. The sample clean up step is performed by solid phase extraction. The analysis of PAHs samples are carried out by GC/MS. Low molecular weight PAHs dominated in all samples such as acenaphthylene, fluorene and anthracene, while high molecular weight PAHs was not detected. The total mean PAHs concentration in summer in Rural Area (92ng/m3) is higher than that in winter (46 ng/m3). In addition, PAHs total mean concentration in the day time is higher than that in the night time. The total mean PAHs concentration in summer in Urban Area (124 ng/m3) is higher than that in winter (75 ng/m3).Keywords: pollution; (PAHs); environment; fossil fuels; Jordan; human; seaso

Selected Malaysia air quality pollutants assessment using chemometrics techniques

Air quality played an important role as polluted air quality could harm human health, environment as well as property. Thus, a study of air quality pollutants assessment using chemometrics was performed with the objectives to ensure the air quality data analysis is valid, acceptable and interpreted well. Analysis of PCA, FA, KMO and Bartlett’s test were done on five main air quality pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, CO and PM10) from all around Malaysia. From the data analysis obtained, the concentrations of air quality pollutants all around Malaysia starting from 2008 to 2011 were acceptable and the most dominant major pollutants had been highlighted. KMO obtained in this study is 0.7760, which show that the results are factor well. While, Bartlett’s test shows that the variables correlated to each other’s. From these tests, air quality data were acceptable for factor analysis.Keywords: air pollution; chemometrics; PCA; F

Robust motion control of nonlinear quadrotor model with wind disturbance observer

This paper focuses on robust wind disturbance rejection for nonlinear quadrotor models. By leveraging on nonlinear unknown observer theory, it proposes a nonlinear dynamic filter that, using sensors already on-board the aircraft, can estimate in real-time wind gust signals in the three dimensions. The wind disturbance is then treated as input to the PD controller for a quick and robust flight pathway in presence of disturbances. With this scheme, the wind disturbance can be precisely estimated online and compensated in real-time. Hence, the quadrotor can successfully reach its desired attitude and position. To show the effective and desired performance of the method, simulation results are presented in Matlab/Simulink and ROS-enabled Gazebo platform

Precise Trajectory Tracking of Multi-Rotor UAVs Using Wind Disturbance Rejection Approach

This paper discusses the resilience of the UAV quadrotor to wind disturbances. An unknown input-state observer is presented that uses the Lipschitz method to estimate the internal states and disturbances of the quadrotor and compensate for them by varying the velocities of the four rotors. The observer intends to use existing sensor measurements to estimate the unknown states of the quadrotor and reconstruct the three-dimensional wind disturbances. The estimated states and external disturbances are sent to the PD controller, which compensates for the disturbances to achieve the desired position and attitude, as well as robustness and accuracy. The Lipschitz observer was designed using the LMI approach, and the results were validated using Matlab/Simulink and using the Parrot Mambo mini quadrotor

Flood risk index pattern assessment: case study in Langat River Basin

This study focus on the creation of flood risk index in the study area based on secondary data derived from the Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID) since 1982-2012. Based on the result, it shows that the water level is the best variable to be taken for the purposed of flood warning alert system as the result for correlation coefficient was 1.000. The risk index has been created from the control limit value with range from 0-100. Result showed that 16.63% out of total result being classified as High Risk class for flood with risk index range from 70 and above. The accuracy of prediction of risk index being clarified by using ANN method and result obtained was 0.9936798 and the lowest RMSE of 0.662591 on the three hidden nodes to achieve an optimal result. The future prediction for UCL for water level in the river basin was 3.6 meter.Keywords: flood risk index; PCA; SPC; artificial neural network; future predictio

Assessment of water quality status using univariate analysis at Klang and Juru River, Malaysia

Klang River and Juru River which today suffers from water quality probllems resulting from anthropogenic and geomorphology factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the water quality status from 2009 until 2013. 10 monitoring stations covering along Klang River and Juru River were selected. Six water quality parameters analyzed based on in-situ and ex-situ analysis were carried out according to the univariate analysis to obtain WQI level. The result indicated the impact of various anthropogenic and geomorphology activities contributed higher values of BOD, COD, SS and NH3-NL but the TSS concentration contamination at Juru River still on stable condition. Downstream and middle stream more polluted than upstream area triggered by pollutants from waste products of development activities, which inclusion of a high amount of pollutants of Klang River and Juru River.Keywords: water quality; univariate analysis; national water quality standards (NWQS); anthropogeni

Development of android application for computation of air pollutant index and water quality index

Past few decades, human have experienced a revolution in the computer sciences, not only in terms of its ability but also in terms of its use. Advancement of smartphone technology had produced rapid yet incredible invention in many sectors such as construction, agriculture, education, health and many more. This paper will discuss about the development of the application that is used to calculate the API and WQI indices. WQI and API calculator application was named as My.Index Calculator. The application can run on Android version 3.0 (Honeycomb) until the latest version of it (Lollipop). The application provides better alternatives to the index calculation and data management. Now, the researchers and students can calculate the index value at anytime and anywhere with the help of the application. In addition, it is way easier and faster to calculate the index.Keywords: water quality index; air pollutant index; programming; androi