Risk factors for development of proteinuria by type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients

I. Renal involvement in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients is the single most important cause of renal failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and to assess the risk factors for the development of proteinuria by non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. 2. Risk factors (expressed as an odds ratio) were calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis taking into account age, sex, body mass index, known duration of diabetes, presence of arterial hypertension, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides as independent variables and proteinuria as the dependent variable. Sixty-four normoalbuminuric (24-h albumin excretion rate 0.5 g, 31 females, mean age 59.3 years) were studied. 3. Protein uric patients were older, with a longer mean known duration of diabetes (12.4 vs 5.6 years), higher mean fasting plasma glucose (214 vs 168 mg/dl) and plasma creatinine (1.5 vs 1.1 mg/dl) and more frequently presented diabetic retinopathy (94% vs 23% ), peripheral neuropathy (94% vs 23%) and arterial hypertension (73% vs 16%) than normoalbuminuric patients. Age >50 years, body mass index >28.6 kgfm2, known duration of diabetes> 10 years, presence of arterial hypertension, and fasting plasma glucose> 160 mg/dl were significantly and independently associated with development of proteinuria

Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com torta de macaúba Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with macauba meal

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes porcentagens (0, 10, 20 e 30%) de inclusão da torta de macaúba (TM) no comportamento ingestivo de 24 cordeiros Santa Inês, com média de cinco meses de idade e peso vivo de 23,9kg, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições, durante 60 dias de confinamento. Foram avaliados os tempos médios despendidos com alimentação, ruminação (TR), ócio (TO), tempo de mastigação total (TMT), eficiência de alimentação (EA MS e EA FDN) e eficiência de ruminação, além do número de bolos ruminados (NBR) e número diário de mastigações merícicas (MMnd). A adição de TM à dieta aumentou linearmente o TR, TMT, NBR, MMnd e EA FDN e reduziu de forma linear o TO, em consequência do maior teor de fibra em detergente neutro das dietas com o coproduto. Mesmo com o aumento no TMT, não foi verificada diferença no consumo e na eficiência de ruminação e alimentação da matéria seca, possivelmente em razão da baixa efetividade de fibra da TM, demonstrando o potencial de utilização desse coproduto na dieta de ovinos em crescimento.The effects of different percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30%) of inclusion of macauba meal (MM) on the ingestive behavior of 24 Santa Inês male lambs, averaging five months of age and 23.9kg of initial body weight were studied. The animals were allotted to a completely randomized block design with four treatments and six replications during 60 days of confinement. The variables measured were time spent in rumination (TR), idle time (IT), total chewing (TC), power efficiency (PE DM and PE NDF) and efficiency of rumination, as well as the number of ruminated bolus (NRB) and daily number of chews (Cnd). The addition of MM to the diet increased TR, TC, NRB, Cnb and PE NDF linearly, and reduced IT linearly, as a result of higher content of neutral detergent fiber in the diet. Although there was an increase in TC, no difference was verified in the consumption and efficiency of rumination and feeding of DM, possibly due to the low efficiency of fiber, which demonstrates the potential use of this coproduct in the diet of growing sheep

Detection of HTLV-IIa in blood donors in an urban area of the Amazon Region of Brazil (Belém, PA)

The human lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) are members of a group of mammalian retroviruses with similar biological properties, and blood transfusion is an important route of transmission. HTLV-I is endemic in a number of different geographical areas and is associated with several clinical disorders. HTLV-II is endemic in several Indian groups of the Americas and intravenous drug abusers in North and South America, Europe and Southeast Asia. During the year of 1995, all blood donors tested positive to HTLV-I/II in the State Blood Bank (HEMOPA), were directed to a physician and to the Virus Laboratory at the Universidade Federal do Pará for counselling and laboratory diagnosis confirmation. Thirty-five sera were tested by an enzyme immune assay, and a Western blot that discriminates HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection. Two HTLV-II positive samples were submitted to PCR analysis of pX and env genomic region, and confirmed to be of subtype IIa. This is the first detection in Belém of the presence of HTLV-IIa infection among blood donors. This result emphasizes that HTLV-II is also present in urban areas of the Amazon region of Brazil and highlights the need to include screening tests that are capable to detect antibodies for both types of HTLV

Análise técnico-econômica de diferentes níveis da torta de macaúba em dietas para vacas leiteiras

The price of milk does not follow the upward trend of inputs so, reduction of production costs may enable economic efficiency of dairy farming. Within this context, the use of coproducts with highlights to those obtained in the biodiesel chain, may be an alternative for lower feed costs and consequently the production costs. The objective was to analyze the inclusion of different levels of the macauba cake in the total diet of lactating Holstein cows, to replace the corn meal. Eight animals with average weight of 480 kg and ave- rage production of 25 kg milk/day were used, in two 4x4 latin squares, with four levels of the cake (0, 10, 20 and 30 % of dry matter) and four periods of 21 days, 14 to adapt and seven days for evaluation. The animals, kept in individual stalls, were fed ad libitum corn silage and concentrate. We evaluated the total dry matter intake, milk production, costs and economic returns of daily diets. The inclusion of coproduct in the diets reduced the dry matter intake and milk production, however, the marginal rate of return of 10 % with the inclusion of coproduct was superior to the other treatments, indicating that the inclusion of 10 % macauba pie is a technically and economically feasible to replace corn bran diet in the diet of dairy cows.O preço do leite não acompanha a tendência de alta dos insumos e a redução dos custos de produção pode permitir a eficiência econômica da atividade leiteira. Dentro deste contexto, a utilização de coprodutos, pode ser alternativa para redução dos custos da alimentação e consequentemente os de produção. Objetivou-se analisar a inclusão de diferentes níveis da torta de macaúba, obtido na cadeia do biodiesel, na dieta total de vacas Holandesas, em lactação, em substituição ao farelo de milho. Foram utilizados oito animais com peso vivo médio de 480 kg e produção média de 25 kg de leite/dia, em dois quadrados latinos 4x4, sendo quatro níveis de inclusão da torta na matéria seca (0, 10, 20 e 30 %) e quatro períodos de 21 dias, 14 de adaptação e sete dias de avaliação. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum, com silagem de milho e concentrado, confinados em baias individuais. Avaliou-se o consumo de matéria seca total, produção de leite, custos diários e o retorno econômico das dietas. A inclusão do coproduto reduziu o consumo de matéria seca total e produção de leite, entretanto, a taxa de retorno marginal com 10 % de inclusão do coproduto foi superior aos demais tratamentos, indicando que é uma alternativa técnica e economicamente viável em substituição ao farelo de milho na dieta de vacas leiteiras