Outcome of traumatic brain injury in the intensive care unit: a five-year review

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU) with a high mortality. In a recent study, severe TBI accounted for 14.3% of all ICU admissions with a mortality of 54.0%.Methodology: This was a retrospective, case-control study of all cases of TBI admitted into the ICU during the study period. Data retrieved included socio-demographic parameters, causes of TBI, blood transfusion, length of stay and ICU outcome in terms of mortality.Result: One hundred and eighty-two (182) TBI patients were admitted into the ICU, with a mean age of 34 ± 18.92 years. The male:female ratio was 3:1, but females had a better outcome with a p-value of 0.026. Patients who stayed between 1 and 7 days were > 4 times more likely to die in the ICU compared with those who stayed for more than 7 days. In addition, TBI patients who had blood transfusion had a better outcome (p = 0.004). Also, TBI patients who received ventilatory support had higher mortality compared with those who did no, (p = 0.006).Conclusion: Patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the intensive care unit have a high mortality. A review of the present line of management and strict compliance with guidelines of management may perhaps improve outcome.Keywords: ICU, outcome, traumatic brain injur

Employment of Hotel Classification to Increase Tourist Demand in the Holy Province of Karbala Period 2010-2017

Hotels are one of the main pillars in the success of the process of tourist activities in countries that have a variety of tourist elements. The variety and classification of hotels differentiates the levels of quality in services. In the case of the sacred province of Karbala, a hotel classification with a variety of quality levels and stars was adopted to express the diversity of services offered within the country's conditions and tourist demand.Los hoteles son uno de los principales pilares en el éxito del proceso de actividades turísticas de países que tienen una variedad de elementos turísticos. La variedad y clasificación de hoteles diferencia los niveles de calidad en servicios. En el caso de la provincia sagrada de Karbala se adoptó una clasificación hotelera con una variedad de niveles de calidad y estrellas para expresar la diversidad de servicios que se ofrecen dentro de las condiciones del país y la demanda turístic