Studies of the structure and functions of blood cells in senile patients with pneumonia on the biological model of hypoxia by scanning probe microscopy

Biological model of hypoxia can be used for the diagnosis of functional changes in human erythrocytes under the effect of the hypoxic factor. The use of this model together with modern methods of scanning probe microscopy for evaluation of the severity of pulmonological disease in senile patients will help to predict treatment efficiency and outcom

Повнофункціональна побітова потокова арифметика зі зменшеними витратами обладнання

Побітова потокова обробка у двійковій системі числення є одним з напрямів вирішення проблеми інформаційних зв’язків у цифровій техніці. Однак вона має обмежену функціональність через неможливість виконання побітового ділення в одному потоці з іншими арифметичними операціями. У монографії пропонується інформаційно-структурний підхід до повнофункціональної організації такої обробки на основі визначення оптимальної за витратами обладнання надлишкової системи числення та розробки у ній потокових методів і пристроїв зі зменшеними витратами обладнання для побітового виконання всіх арифметичних операцій

Fundamentos del enfoque de sistemas para la metodología de evaluación de instalaciones de obras acuáticas en medio natural

De acuerdo con los requisitos reglamentarios y ambientales sobre el funcionamiento de las instalaciones sanitarias denominadas objetos de actividad, se debe evaluar la influencia ambiental de estas instalaciones. en términos de utilización de los recursos hídricos, que es exactamente el objetivo de este estudio. Los fundamentos de la metodología de esta evaluación se desarrollan mediante el enfoque de sistema centrado en la noción de sistema. Los resultados del estudio de la interacción del objeto de actividad (OA) con los ambientes naturales (NENV) del geosistema de cuenca se utilizan en el desarrollo de los fundamentos de la metodología de evaluación de la influencia ambiental (EIA). Los resultados del estudio se han utilizado para diseñar y construir instalaciones de ingeniería hidroeléctrica en el norte del Cáucaso en el sur de Rusi

Instantaneous pitch estimation algorithm based on multirate sampling

The paper presents an algorithm for accurate pitch estimation that takes advantage of the sinusoidal model with instantaneous parameters. The algorithm decomposes the signal into subband components, extracts their instantaneous parameters and evaluates period candidate generating function (PCGF). In order to achieve high accuracy for low and high-pitched sounds it is assumed that possible pitch variation range is proportional to current pitch value. The bandwidths of the decomposition filters and length of the analysis frame are scaled for each period candidate by multirate sampling. The algorithm is compared to other widely used pitch extractors on artificial quasiperiodic signals and natural speech. The proposed algorithm shows a remarkable frequency and time resolution for pitch-modulated sounds and performs well both in clean and noisy conditions

Voice Analysis and Classification System Based on Perturbation Parameters and Cepstral Presentation in Psychoacoustic Scales

The paper describes an approach to design a system for analyzing and classification of a voice signal based on perturbation parameters and cepstral representation. Two variants of the cepstral representation of the voice signal are considered: based on mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and based on bark-frequency cepstral coefficients (BFCC). The work used a generally accepted approach to calculating the MFCC based on the time-frequency analysis by the method of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) with summation of energy in subbands. This method approximates the frequency resolution of human hearing, but has a fixed temporal resolution. As an alternative, a variant of the cepstral representation based on the BFCC has been proposed. When calculating the BFCC, a warped DFT-modulated filter bank was used, which approximates the frequency and temporal resolution of hearing. The aim of the work was to compare the effectiveness of the use of features based on the MFCC and BFCC for the designing systems for the analysis and classification of the voice signal. The results of the experiment showed that in the case when using acoustic features based on the MFCC, it is possible to obtain a voice classification system with an average recall of 80.6 %, and in the case when using features based on the BFCC, this metric is 83.7 %. With the addition of the set of MFCC features with perturbation parameters of the voice, the average recall of the classification increased to 94.1 %, with a similar addition to the set of BFCC features, the average recall of the classification increased up to 96.7 %

PREDICTION OF METASTATIC DAMAGE OF REGIONAL LYMPHATIC NODES IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER

Purpose of the study. Solving the problem of searching for prognostic factors of metastatic lesion of regional lymph nodes among the morphological and molecular characteristics of the primary breast tumor will bring modern oncology closer to finding the optimal model for individualizing diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.Materials and methods. The statistical analysis of clinical data and morphological factors obtained in the oncology department of the breast pathology of the Voronezh regional clinical oncological dispensary during a comprehensive study involving 223 patients was carried out. Only the stages I T1N0M0 and IIa T2N0M0 were taken into account.Results and discussion. The study found that patients with a lack of metastases are characterized by a relatively smaller average tumor size (20.43 ± 9.28 mm) than in patients with metastases (27.43 ± 12.4 mm), with 25 % of them having Size ≤10 mm, 50 % – from 10 to 34 mm and 25 % – ≥ 34 mm. The difference in groups on the basis of “age” is absent. A statistical relationship (p < 0.05) between the biological tumor subtype and its histological diagnosis, between the biological tumor subtype and histological diagnosis and the absence / presence of metastases in the lymph nodes (p <0.0001) was established.Conclusions. Thus, it was established that the histological and morphological study of the primary tumor provides the necessary information not only to determine its sensitivity to different types of systemic treatment and the choice of therapeutic tactics, but also to solve the problem of predicting the metastatic lesion of regional lymph nodes in breast cancer patients

ОБРАБОТКА РЕЧЕВЫХ СИГНАЛОВ В ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯХ МУЛЬТИМЕДИА НА ОСНОВЕ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ С НЕСТАЦИОНАРНЫМИ ПАРАМЕТРАМИ

Methods of time-varying speech parameterization for analysis, processing and synthesis in multimedia systems. The main theoretical points are given and practical issues are discussed. Some practical results of instantaneous pitch estimation and quality of voice morphing are presented.Рассматриваются методы нестационарной параметризации речевых сигналов, позволяющие выполнять анализ, обработку и синтез речи в приложениях мультимедиа. Формулируются основные теоретические положения и рассматриваются вопросы практической реализации. Приводятся результаты применения методов к задачам оценки основного тона и изменения просодических характеристик речевого сигнала

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ МОБІЛЬНОЇ ЛАБОРАТОРІЇ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ ОЦІНКИ ТА ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ

The concept of elaboration of mobile laboratories of integrated assessment and forecasting of emergency situations was developed. They provide operational radiation control in routine and emergency situations, remote and contact monitoring of concentration of harmful chemical contaminants in the atmosphere, soil, water, food, forage, etc. High technology equipment in theselaboratories enables to carry out assessment of the integral man-made and natural risks, to anticipate arising and development of emergency situations promptly, to forecast development and implementation of priority measures, to mitigate and eliminate potential effects of accidents and disasters.Розроблена концепція зі створення мобільних лабораторій комплексної оцінки та прогнозування надзвичайних ситуацій, які забезпечать оперативний радіаційний контроль в штатних і аварійних ситуаціях, дистанційний і контактний контроль концентрацій шкідливих хімічних домішок в атмосфері, ґрунті, воді, продуктах харчування, кормах та ін. Наукомістка апаратура таких лабораторій дає можливість проводити інтегральну оцінку техногенних і природних ризиків, прогнозувати виникнення та розвиток надзвичайних ситуацій, оперативно здійснювати розробку і впровадження першочергових заходів з ліквідації та пом'якшення можливих наслідків аварій і катастроф

Combined Method for Informative Feature Selection for Speech Pathology Detection

The task of detecting vocal abnormalities is characterized by a small amount of available data for training, as a consequence of which classification systems that use low-dimensional data are the most relevant. We propose to use LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and BSS (backward stepwise selection) methods together to select the most significant features for the detection of vocal pathologies, in particular amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Features based on fine-frequency cepstral coefficients, traditionally used in speech signal processing, and features based on discrete estimation of the autoregressive spectrum envelope are used. Spectral features based on the autoregressive process envelope spectrum are extracted using the generative method, which involves calculating a discrete Fourier transform of the report sequence generated using the autoregressive model of the input voice signal. The sequence is generated by the autoregressive model so as to account for the periodic nature of the Fourier transform. This improves the accuracy of the spectrum estimation and reduces the spectral leakage effect. Using LASSO in conjunction with BSS allowed us to improve the classification efficiency using a smaller number of features as compared to using the LASSO method alone