MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK TURMERIC (CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.) THROUGH IN VITRO CULTURE OF RHIZOME BUD EXPLANTS

In the present study, preliminary in vitro shoots propagation of Curcuma caesia Roxb. was investigated. Rhizome buds were used as explants and were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-Benzyl adenine (BA) alone or in combination with a- Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The results showed that the optimum shoot proliferation was obtained from MS medium containing 3.0 µM BA + 0.5 µM NAA. In this growth regulator combination, maximum 99.97 % explants produced 10.38 shoots with 4.53 cm length after 8 weeks of culture. Although spontaneous rooting was observed after 4 weeks of cultivation with all treatments using half strength MS medium containing IBA and NAA at different concentrations, high frequency of rooting (89.76 %) was obtained in 3.0 µM IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) containing medium. The plantlets, thus developed, were hardened and successfully established in natural soil

Predictive Implications of Serum Lipid Metabolism over Time in Intensive Care Unit Admitted Patients

Introduction: Serum lipoprotein levels change during hospitalization and effect patient’s outcome in case of sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic values of the serum levels of lipids in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admitted patients.Methods: Intensive Care Unit admitted patients with various etiologies were enrolled in this study. Serum lipid level was collected on the first and seventh day of admission. Clinical outcome and baseline characteristics, including age, gender, cause of admission, length of ICU stay, and discharge or death were monitored prospectively in a short cohort.Results: A total of 108 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall mortality rate was 45%. The average duration of hospitalization at the ICU was significantly lengthier in the un-survived group. Lipid profile had a similar pattern in both genders. Triglyceride level seemed to increase from Day one to Day seven. These changes were observed in both unsurvived and survived group and were not significantly different. A considerable decline of 24% in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) was detected among unsurvived patients. The mean value of TG on day seven among unsurvived patients was significantly higher than that of the survived group. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve illustrated the higher diagnostic ability of HDL level in comparison with other parameters. On day seven, serum HDL cutoff value of 32 (sensitivity 75%; specificity 60%) was observed for predicting the mortality.Conclusions: Cholesterol is essential for integrity as well as the function of the cell membrane, therefore, dyslipidemia occurring during hospitalization may negatively influence the outcome. Consequently, changes in lipid profile could be a prognostic biomarker for predicting mortality in ICU-admitted patients

Prevalence of Catheter-associated bacteriuria in patients who received short-term catheterization in the northeast of Iran

Background: Catheter-associated (CA) bacteriuria is a result of the extensive usage of urinary catheterization. Once a catheter is placed, many patients achieve bacteriuria, even with the use of greatest consideration and care of the catheter. In this study, we decided to evaluate the prevalence of Catheter-associated bacteriuria in patients who received short-term catheterization in the northeast of Iran.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study during one year (among 2014-2015) 275 patients who have admitted recently and have no history of catheterization and drug consumption were included. Three samples were taken from patients before, one day after catheterization and after removal of the catheter. The urine samples were analyzed and cultured on the suitable media. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Then, data analyzed using SPSS software by Student t-test. In addition, the p values less than 0.05 were considered as significant.Results: In general, the rate of catheter-associated bacteriuria in these hospitals was 68% (187 cases of 275). The mean age of the participants and patients with bacteriuria were 41±1.2 and 24.8±6.2 years old, respectively. The most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (50.6%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia (21.6%). The highest sensitivity was reported against kanamycin (68.9%) and highest resistance was observed against ampicillin with a rate of 96.3%.Conclusion: For prevention of healthcare-associated UTI, correct catheterization and use of the closed catheter system is recommended. In addition, before prescribing any antibiotics it should be paying attention to the antibiotics susceptibility testing results

The Function of Micro Credit System in Social Amendment A Case Study on Rajshahi District in Bangladesh

Micro-credits an extremely small loan given to impoverished people to help them become self employed havebecome an important tool in development economics and play an essential role in the fight against poverty, inparticular with respect to the self-sufficient of women. Since Muhammad Yunus, the founder of the Grameen Bank2,received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2006, microcredit-systems have been increasingly conceptualized as part of aprofit-oriented “financial system approach”.For more than twenty years, microcredit has been widely heralded as theremedy for world poverty. Recent news stories, however, have sullied microcredit’s glowing reputation with reportson scandals, exorbitant compensation to managers, skyrocketing interest rates, and aggressive marketing schemes.Once praised as a universal panacea, microlenders are now being widely attacked as predatory loan sharks. (Korten,2011)However, in this paper we will discuss different approaches to micro-credits dealing with the question of howfar different concepts influence societal gender arrangements and under which circumstances micro-credits are usefultools for the self-sufficient of women in a sustainable way. For this reason, the results of an empirical studyconducted in Rajshahi will be presented in order to develop a multilayer model for the self-sufficient of womenwhich shows possible impacts of micro-credits on the individual level (micro level), the community level (centrallevel) as well as the socio-political level (macro level)Keywords: Self -sufficient Women, Micro credit, Social Amendment, Fund for Development (SFD)

Assessment of Language Impairment Management of Post Stroke at Erbil Public Hospitals

Background: Stroke is the most common cause of aphasia which need to be managed because it postpones stroke recovery and causes psychological and social problems for the patients and their families. Researchers have observed that the issue of language disorder in post-stroke patients has been poorly addressed in Kurdistan Region. Objective: This neurolinguistic study aims at presenting a comprehensive scale study about the demography of stroke and aphasic patients at Rizgary hospital over a period of TWO months in2024. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study is carried out at Rizgary Public hospital in Erbil-Kurdistan Region.  Demographic for all the patients who were registered at Erbil hospitals during the TWO months in 2024. Then the process of diagnosing aphasia and dysarthria as language impairments are carried out.  Results: Among 234 subjects, the mean age of post stroke patients is 33.4 ± 22.038001years .15.3% of patients were not paralyzed, meanwhile 44.8% got right side body paralysis, followed by left side 38%, and both side 1.7%. The highest risk factor is Hypertension (68.8%), followed by Diabetes mellitus (41.4%), and Ischemic heart disease (21.7%). Conclusion: Language disorders is about (71.4%) which is a high range among post-stroke patients. Language disorders does not only affect stroke management but it also impair the individual’s quality of life. If language impairments are screened earlier in patients, it is possible to intervene in language skills and work through speech therapy. Keywords: Language impairment, stroke, dysarthria

A Comparative Study of Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Fruits Peels of Limonia acidissima L. (Rutaceae)

Objectives: Present study was designed to evaluate Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Antimicrobial activities of methanol and acetone extracts of fruit peels of Limonia acidissima L. by different methods. Method: The analgesic activity of the samples was studied using acetic acid- induced writhing model in mice. Castor oil-induced antidiarrheal activity was observed by Thomas method and antimicrobial activity was monitored by disc diffusion method. Results: Limonia acidissima L. inhibited 60.53 % and 59.65 % writhing of methanol as well as acetone fruit peels extracts, respectively, compared to standard drug Diclofenac Na inhibited 78.07 % writhing. At higher dose (500 mg/kg) of the methanol and acetone fruit peels extracts, significant inhibition 47.13 and 44.83 % of characteristic diarrhoeal feces was observed, respectively, as well as at lower dose (250 mg/kg) of the both extracts, inhibition 34.45 and35.63 %. Mention able on average 12mm zone of inhibition was observed of both extract at 250µg/disc and 500µg/disc compare to zone of inhibition 36mm of ciprofloxacin at 50µg/disc. Conclusion: From the above results, it will be very much possible source for an isolating lead compound for curing the numerous disorders. Keywords: Limonia acidissima L. Fruit peels, Diclofenac sodium, Loperamide, Ciprofloxacin

Web Runner 2049: Evaluating Third-Party Anti-bot Services

International audienceGiven the ever-increasing number of malicious bots scouring the web, many websites are turning to specialized services that advertise their ability to detect bots and block them. In this paper, we investigate the design and implementation details of commercial anti-bot services in an effort to understand how they operate and whether they can effectively identify and block malicious bots in practice. We analyze the JavaScript code which their clients need to include in their websites and perform a set of gray box and black box analyses of their proprietary back-end logic, by simulating bots utilizing well-known automation tools and popular browsers. On the positive side, our results show that by relying on browser fingerprinting, more than 75% of protected websites in our dataset, successfully defend against attacks by basic bots built with Python scripts or PhantomJS. At the same time, by using less popular browsers in terms of automation (e.g., Safari on Mac and Chrome on Android) attackers can successfully bypass the protection of up to 82% of protected websites. Our findings show that the majority of protected websites are prone to bot attacks and the existing anti-bot solutions cannot substantially limit the ability of determined attackers. We have responsibly disclosed our findings with the anti-bot service providers

Urogenital Myiasis in a 5 Years Old Boy: A Case Report

Myiasis infection is caused by the invasion of flies' eggs and larvae into different tissues of the host's body. The rarest form is urogenital myiasis, which can occur even in men with a much lower probability than women, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The case of this study is a 5-year-old boy from suburbs of Bushehr City, southern Iran who referred to the Pediatrics Department of Persian Gulf Hospital in Bushehr due to constant fever and significant weight loss. In urine evaluation, the presence of Chrysomya bezziana larvae was confirmed. The larvae of several species of myiasis-producing flies can attack the urinary-genital system of people and cause urogenital symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose and accurately identify the species of larvae that cause myiasis in order to properly treat affected patients

Differential effects of Atomoxetine on executive functioning and lexical decision in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Reading Disorder

Objective: The effects of a promising pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), atomoxetine, were studied on executive functions in both ADHD and reading disorder (RD) because earlier research demonstrated an overlap in executive functioning deficits in both disorders. In addition, the effects of atomoxetine were explored on lexical decision. Methods: Sixteen children with ADHD, 20 children with ADHD + RD, 21 children with RD, and 26 normal controls were enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. Children were measured on visuospatial working memory, inhibition, and lexical decision on the day of randomization and following two 28-day medication periods. Results: Children with ADHD + RD showed improved visuospatial working memory performance and, to a lesser extent, improved inhibition following atomoxetine treatment compared to placebo. No differential effects of atomoxetine were found for lexical decision in comparison to placebo. In addition, no effects of atomoxetine were demonstrated in the ADHD and RD groups. Conclusion: Atomoxetine improved visuospatial working memory and to a lesser degree inhibition in children with ADHD + RD, which suggests differential developmental pathways for co-morbid ADHD + RD as compared to ADHD and RD alone