Affine Projection Algorithm Based Decision Fusion for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing In Cognitive Radio Networks

Spectrum sensing is a main function in cognitive radio networks to detect the spectrum holes or unused spectrum. Cooperative spectrum sensing schemes are recently suggested and they provide fast and accurate results. In this paper, we suggested a new adaptive and cooperative spectrum sensing technique based on the affine projection algorithm (APA). In this method, each secondary user (SU) takes a binary decision by its local sensing of the spectrum using energy detector. Local decisions are then forward to the fusion center (FC), where definitive decision is taken on the status of the spectrum using adaptive filters. In our suggested technique, APA updates the weights of the adaptive filter by using the current and the 1 delayed input signal vectors. Simulation results indicate that the suggested approach provides faster convergence speed and less steady state mean square error than the existing methods that are based on the normalized least mean square (NLMS) or the so-called kernel least mean square (KLMS) algorithm

VIRAL = SALES? STUDI LITERATUR HUBUNGAN ANALISIS TRAFIC SOSIAL MEDIA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PERFORMA BISNIS DI INDONESIA

Meningkatnya pengguna media sosial di era digital sekarang ini telah menjadi sebuah pembahasan yang penting karena dilihat dari sisi kebermanfaatannya, sosial media membantu masyarakat berkomunikasi dan berbagi informasi secara online tanpa terbatas oleh jarak dan waktu. Sehingga masyarakat semakin bertransformasi, menciptakan hal-hal baru dan menemukan cara-cara yang baru dalam berbagi informasi. Sehingga hal ini juga mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat yang mendapatkan kemudahan dalam berbagi informasi serta berkomunikasi melalui media sosial. Dan hal ini tentu saja berdampak pada meningkatnya aktivitas online. Salah satunya adalah aktivitas jual beli atau bisnis. Tidak jarang sosial media saat ini digunakan sebagai salah satu bagian yang penting dalam proses jual beli. Dalam konteks usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah di Indonesia, sosial media menjadi salah satu poin penting yang dipertimbangkan sebagai bagian dari strategi perusahaan dalam memasarkan produknya. Dengan harapan bahwa dengan semakin banyak orang yang melihat produk tersebut di sosial media, perusahaan dapat menjual produk lebih banyak. Dengan asumsi tersebut, peneliti ingin mengungkap peran media sosial di Indonesia dalam melakukan kegiatan bisnis dengan melihat apakah sebuah poin viralitas atau traffic dalam konteks media sosial yang digunakan oleh manajemen usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah dapat mempengaruhi tingkat penjualan mereka. Dengan melakukan studi literatur terhadap penelitian-penelitian yang meneliti bagaimana sosial media mempengaruhi proses bisnis, penjualan, dan keuntungan perusahaan tersebut. Secara umum, literatur yang dikaji memberikan bukti bahwa adanya peran penting sosial media sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan performa bisnis khususnya UMKM sebagai bagian dari ekosistem bisnis Indonesia. Secara umum, sosial media memberikan ruang untuk setiap konsumen membicarakan dan mendiskusikan tentang produk yang dijual oleh suatu perusahaan dengan menggunakan sosial media dan pendekatan e-WOM serta secara langsung akan meningkatkan spread dari informasi serta ketertarikan orang-orang baru yang secara umum mengubah dia dari konsumen informasi, menjadi fans, dan pada akhirnya menjadi pembeli yang melakukan transaksi. Sehingga pemilik bisnis dapat memanfaatkan sosial media dalam membuat, memaintain, serta mendorong fokus topik pembahasan produk yang ingin dijual kepada konsumen

Research Practices in Cohesive Devices’ Studies: Benefiting from Chaos

This study has as its main goal exploring the possibility of benefiting from the chaotic status that permeates discourse analysis research done on cohesive devices since their inception by Halliday and Hasan (1976). These research studies have been categorised based on the foci of the research questions and the genres to which the analysed texts belong. The research practices of the reviewed papers have been analysed, compared and contrasted, and evaluated apropos the research design, methodology, literature review and findings. The analysis of the research practices found that the dominant feature of the reviewed studies is incompatibility. On a cautious note, while it is acknowledged that variance is imbued with research purposes, variance can be the product of certain flaws in the research design. This paper seeks to serve three purposes: 1) To critically survey the empirical studies conducted on cohesive devices, 2) to identify the problematic practices that led to the chaotic status, and 3) to propose a host of practices that can be followed in future research done on cohesive devices. Concomitant with this review a brief account of the cohesive devices model that was espoused by the majority of the studies addressed in this paper

A review of computational methods for electron affinity in determined molecules

Some density function theories ( DFT/ 6 - 311++ G (3 df, 3 pd ) basis set   ) methods  with as  BPV86, B3PV91, B3LYP, LSDA, MPW1PW91, HCTH,  THCTH, PBE1PBE, PBEPBE, and T PSSTPSS  with Hartree– Fock (HF) and Ab initio methods. These calculations were  at  quadratic -  complete basis set (CBS-  Q method ).  Results of these studies  appear that DFT results overestimate  and Hartree– Fock results underestimate of EA’s values as compared  with experimental calculations. Good convergence with experimental studies  of electron affinities  in density functional theory methods. Electron affinities of LiBr, NaBr, F2 and OH diatomic molecules  have been calculated  using   methods above.  The electron affinity values that have been extended using THCTH method are overvalued to OH and F2 compounds and dropped to NaBr and LiBr compounds. Also CBS-Q theory or method provides good calculations for OH, LiBr and NaBr molecules, therefore, the electron affinity result is lower than data in  experiment one, by ( 1 eV) that in cases of  F2  moelcule

Nurses’ Motivation and their Performance at European Gaza Hospital in Gaza Strip

Work motivation plays an important role in enhancing job performance. To maintain effectiveness and development, managers need to adopt a clear and attainable motivational system in their organization. This study aimed to examine the relationships between motivation and performance among nurses working at European Gaza Hospital (EGH). The sample of this study consisted of 170 nurses (96 male and 74 female) and the response rate was 100%. The researchers used two instruments for data collection one for motivation questionnaire: prepared by the researchers and other to Performance appraisal format: prepared by the General Employees council .The researchers used the SPSS program version 13 for data analysis. Different statistical procedures were used for data analysis including cross tabulation, percentage, mean, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and Scheffe and t test. The results showed that the motivation level among the study subjects was 66.2% and the average performance level according to the annual appraisal was 82.1 %. The average performance among nurse subordinates was 80.4% and 83.7% among nurse managers based on the scores obtained from the annual appraisal forms. Participants ranked the motivators of in-service training as the highest one (M = 8.1) followed by working hours schedule (M = 7.00). Salary was ranked as the seventh factor (M= 4.87). The lowest motivator was respect from others (M = 2.78). The study concluded that nurses working at EGH are generally motivated and their performance was high. The results of the study raised the need of training and equitable work schedule to enhance motivation and reinforce performance

Context-freeness of the languages of Schützenberger automata of HNN-extensions of finite inverse semigroups

We prove that the Schützenberger graph of any element of the HNN-extension of a finite inverse semigroup S with respect to its standard presentation is a context-free graph in the sense of [11], showing that the language L recognized by this automaton is context-free. Finally we explicitly construct the grammar generating L, and from this fact we show that the word problem for an HNN-extension of a finite inverse semigroup S is decidable and lies in the complexity class of polynomial time problems

The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in 2016: Scenarios and Recommendations

The removal of Mohammed Morsi from the presidency by the Egyptian army on July 3, 2013 led to a number of significant structural transformations within Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood (MB). The security crackdown that has taken place since, including the imprisonment of thousands of leaders and mid-level MB cadres, makes it nearly impossible for any central leadership to control the movement's lower ranks. At the same time, the radicalization of the Islamist scene following Morsi's ouster has affected at least parts of the MB's support base. While the argument that MB members are joining violent extremist groups in large numbers frequently serves political purposes, radicalization among the MB’s ranks is in fact a real concern. The recruitment potential of MB members to ISIS-affiliated groups, such as the Sinai-based organization Wilayat Sinai, was exemplified in a recent video, where an ISIS commander urged MB members to "use the experience they gained from ousting the previous regime of Hosni Mubarak to topple Sisi's regime." It also indicates that a sizable number of MB rank-and-file members are frustrated with their leaders’ reluctance to advocate a more aggressive stance against the regime, despite widespread human rights violations. Given the complexity of the situation in Egypt, this report has a threefold objective: first, to provide an overview of the current state of Egypt's national scene in general, and the MB in particular; second, to outline three scenarios for how the MB - as a still central, although vastly diminished, player within Egypt's broader national scene - may evolve in the short to medium term; and finally, to recommend measures that may guide the thinking of German policymakers and support them as they stay abreast of the highly dynamic political situation in Egypt