Batasuna Banned: The Dissolution of Political Parties Under the European Convention of Human Rights

This Note reviews the history of Basque terrorism in Spain and the Spanish\u27s government\u27s recent decision to ban Batasuna, the political party affiliated with the militant group, ETA. Although Article 11 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms affords Spanish citizens the freedom of association, it recognizes Spain\u27s need to protect its citizens from terrorist violence. This Note argues that the European Court of Human Rights, based on relevant case law, will most likely find that Batasuna\u27s dissolution does not violate Article 11 because it is necessary and proportional to the end of protecting Spain\u27s democratic system

Hertzsprung Gap Coronae: ASCA Guest Investigator Program

The objective was a deep (40 ks) SIS/GIS pointing on the bright stellar X-ray source 31 Comae (G0 III) to record the 1-10 keV spectrum and obtain a lightcurve over the approx. 1 day duration of the observation

Molecular absorption in transition region spectral lines

Aims: We present observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) of absorption features from a multitude of cool atomic and molecular lines within the profiles of Si IV transition region lines. Many of these spectral lines have not previously been detected in solar spectra. Methods: We examined spectra taken from deep exposures of plage on 12 October 2013. We observed unique absorption spectra over a magnetic element which is bright in transition region line emission and the ultraviolet continuum. We compared the absorption spectra with emission spectra that is likely related to fluorescence. Results: The absorption features require a population of sub-5000 K plasma to exist above the transition region. This peculiar stratification is an extreme deviation from the canonical structure of the chromosphere-corona boundary . The cool material is not associated with a filament or discernible coronal rain. This suggests that molecules may form in the upper solar atmosphere on small spatial scales and introduces a new complexity into our understanding of solar thermal structure. It lends credence to previous numerical studies that found evidence for elevated pockets of cool gas in the chromosphere.Comment: accepted by A&A Letter