The effects of stimulants on eating patterns in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on eating patterns and body mass index (BMI) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The secondary aim of this study is the comparison between weight and eating behavior of children with ADHD undergoing an MPH treatment, and of children without ADHD. Methods. One hundred fourty three children and adolescents who diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled, and the effects of MPH on the eating patterns and BMI were evaluated. All participants completed a number of tests to analyze eating patterns and clinical psychopathological profiles. Results. Children and adolescents with ADHD had significantly higher scores on the EDE-Q- eating concern, EDE-Q- shape concern, and all CPRS-RSF subscales than individuals without ADHD (p \u3c .05). MPH treatment was associated with a notional reduction in height-sds and weight-sds. The results of the correlation analysis which assessed the possible contribution of the different treatment-related factors revealed no significant correlations between MPH mean dose [mg/(kg/d)], the duration of use (months), and the core characteristics of eating disorders except the restraint subscale of EDE Q. Conclusions. Our findings add to the growing research suggesting that MPH may be associated with disordered eating behaviors. Although the literature is limited, our findings conclude that MPH may not be associated with the reduction of growth velocity and disordered eating behaviors

Validity and reliability of the neonatal palliative care attitude scale in Turkey

AIM: This study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale in Turkey. METHOD: This methodological study was conducted between December, 2014, and July, 2017, in the neonatal intensive care unit of 4 hospitals (2 public, 1 university, and 1 private hospital) in the center of a city in eastern Turkey. The study population consisted of all the nurses of the hospitals. No sampling was performed, and the sample consisted of 145 nurses who agreed to participate in the study. The 26-item Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale developed by Kain et al. (2009) was translated into Turkish and then back-translated into English for to determine the validity for Turkey. Experts were consulted to determine the validity of the content. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlation were used for reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for validity. RESULTS: Content validity index ranged from .8 to 1.0. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was .934, for which the Bartlett's test of sphericity was chi(2) = 415.127, p = .000. According to the principal component analysis, the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale in Turkey. had 3 subscales as did the original Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale. The items had factor loadings greater than .40, and the factors accounted for 55.51% of the total variance. The subscales "organization," "resources," and "clinician" had a Cronbach's alpha of .692, .710, and .680, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale in Turkey. has a structure similar to that of the original Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale and has high validity and reliability. It is, therefore, a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to identify nurses' attitudes toward neonatal palliative care.AMAÇ: Bu çalışma, Yenidoğan Palyatif Bakım Tutum Ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerliliğini ve güvenirliğini test etmek amacıyla yapıldı. YÖNTEM: Metodolojik olarak yürütülen bu çalışma, Aralık 2014- Temmuz 2017 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin doğusunda bulunan bir il merkezinde 4 hastanenin (iki devlet, bir üniversite ve bir özel hastane) yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yapıldı. Evreni belirtilen ünitelerde çalışan hemşireler oluşturdu. Örneklem seçimi yapılmadı ve evrenin tamamı ile çalışıldı (n = 145). Çalışmada Kain ve ark. (2009) tarafından geliştirilen 26 tutum sorusundan oluşan Yenidoğan Palyatif Bakım Tutum Ölçeğinin öncelikle Türkçeye çevirisi ve geri çevirisi yapıldı, daha sonra dil geçerliğini sağlamak amacıyla uzman görüşleri alındı ve kapsam geçerliliği sağlandı. Güvenirlik için Cronbach Alfa katsayısı, test-tekrar test güvenirliği, madde toplam korelasyonu; geçerlilik için açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yapıldı. BULGULAR: Ölçek maddelerine ait kapsam geçerlilik indeksinin ,8-1,0 arasında, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değerinin ,758, Barlett’s testi değerinin χ2 = 415,127, p = ,000 olduğu belirlendi. Temel bileşenler analizine göre ölçeğin özgün formuna uygun şekilde üç boyutlu olduğu belirlendi. Ölçek maddelerinin faktör yükü değerlerinin ,40’ın üzerinde ve açıklanan varyansın %55,51 olduğu bulundu. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarının Cronbach alfa katsayısı; alt boyutlara göre organizasyon için ,692, kaynaklar için ,710 ve klinik için ,680 olarak belirlendi. SONUÇ: Yenidoğan Palyatif Bakım Tutum Ölçeğinin özgün ölçekle benzer bir yapıya sahip olduğu, geçerlilik-güvenirliğinin yüksek olduğu bulundu. Ölçeğin hemşirelerin yenidoğanda palyatif bakıma yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek için yeterli bir ölçüm aracı olduğu belirlendi

The effects of stimulants on eating patterns in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on eating patterns and body mass index (BMI) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The secondary aim of this study is the comparison between weight and eating behavior of children with ADHD undergoing an MPH treatment, and of children without ADHD. Methods. One hundred fourty three children and adolescents who diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled, and the effects of MPH on the eating patterns and BMI were evaluated. All participants completed a number of tests to analyze eating patterns and clinical psychopathological profiles. Results. Children and adolescents with ADHD had significantly higher scores on the EDE-Q- eating concern, EDE-Q- shape concern, and all CPRS-RSF subscales than individuals without ADHD (p \u3c .05). MPH treatment was associated with a notional reduction in height-sds and weight-sds. The results of the correlation analysis which assessed the possible contribution of the different treatment-related factors revealed no significant correlations between MPH mean dose [mg/(kg/d)], the duration of use (months), and the core characteristics of eating disorders except the restraint subscale of EDE Q. Conclusions. Our findings add to the growing research suggesting that MPH may be associated with disordered eating behaviors. Although the literature is limited, our findings conclude that MPH may not be associated with the reduction of growth velocity and disordered eating behaviors

EVALUATION OF FAMILY FUNCTIONS OF PREPUBERTAL BOYS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER WITH AND WITHOUT OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) ve Karşıt Olma Karşı Gelme Bozukluğu eşlik eden DEHB (DEHB+KOKGB) tanılı çocukların aile işlevlerinin, kontrollerle karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi çocuk psikiyatrisi polikliniğine ilk kez başvurarak DEHB tanısı alan 21, DEHB+KOKGB tanısı alan 26 erkek çocuk alınmıştır. Kontrol grubuna 27 sağlıklı erkek çocuk alınmıştır. Tüm olgular erkek cinsiyetinde ve 6-11 yaş aralığındadır. Sosyodemografik veri formu, aile değerlendirme ölçeği (ADÖ), dikkat eksikliği ve yıkıcı davranış bozuklukları için DSM-IV'e dayalı tarama ve değerlendirme ölçeği anneler tarafından, Conners öğretmen derecelendirme ölçeği kısa formu öğretmenleri tarafından doldurmuştur. Bulgular: İletişim ve genel işlevleri gösteren alt bölümler açısından; DEHB grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında fark saptanmazken, DEHB+KOKGB grubunda; DEHB grubu ve kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yükseklik saptanmıştır. Sonuç: DEHB'li çocuklarda, KOKGB ek tanısının varlığında aile işlevlerinde bozulma meydana gelebilmektedir. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate family functions of prepubertal boys with attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) and comorbid oppotional defiant disorder (ODD). Material and method: The study involved children between the ages of 6 and 11 with ADHD and ADHD+ODD diagnosis on the basis of DSM-IV diagnosis criteria, who were seeking medical treatment for the first time at the child psychiatry outpatient clinic of Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine. The ADHD group and the ADHD+ODD group included respectively 21 and 26 boys, while there were 27 boys in the control group comprising healthy volunteers. The parents filled in the forms of DSM-IV Based Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale for lack of attention and disruptive behavior disorders, the forms of Family Asessment Device and the teachers filled in a brief form of Conners Teacher Rating Scale.Results: We found that the families of ADHD+ODD group had significantly higher rates of "communication" and "general functions" compared to ADHD and control groups. There was no statiscally significant difference between ADHD group and controls. Conclusion: The presence of ODD in children with ADHD may be associated with the abnormal family functioning

Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and its Treatment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may seriously affect youth’s home, school, and social functions. Comorbidity with emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increases the severity of symptoms, leads to more risky behaviors, more deterioration in peer relationships, social and romantic relationships. There are many methods for assessing emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. There are several pharma-cological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches available in treatment of emotion dysregu-lation among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The aim of this article is to review the impact of emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its treatment

Atomoxetine treatment may decrease striatal dopaminergic transporter availability after 8 weeks: pilot SPECT report of three cases

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. The pathophysiology is thought to involve noradrenaline and dopamine. The role of dopamine transporter (DAT) was evaluated in imaging studies using mostly dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Here we report the results of a pilot study conducted to evaluate changes in striatal DAT after 8 weeks of atomoxetine treatment. Our results suggest that 8 weeks of atomoxetine treatment may change striatal DAT bioavailability as measured via SPECT but that change was not correlated with genotype or clinical improvement