Cloud Computing in the Quantum Era

Cloud computing has become the prominent technology of this era. Its elasticity, dynamicity, availability, heterogeneity, and pay as you go pricing model has attracted several companies to migrate their businesses' services into the cloud. This gives them more time to focus solely on their businesses and reduces the management and backup overhead leveraging the flexibility of cloud computing. On the other hand, quantum technology is developing very rapidly. Experts are expecting to get an efficient quantum computer within the next decade. This has a significant impact on several sciences including cryptography, medical research, and other fields. This paper analyses the reciprocal impact of quantum technology on cloud computing and vice versa

Impact of Agriculture Sector Development on Economic Growth: Application of Robust Linear Least Squares Regression on Pakistan’s Data Set

The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between economic growth and  agricultural crops, i.e., maize, rice, sugarcane, and wheat production in the context of Pakistan by using the last 14 years time period from 2003-2016. The study used some other exogenous factors, i.e., agriculture exports and agriculture employment, which gives conclusive findings in a given country context. The study employed robust least squares regression apparatus that gives unbiased, efficient, and reliable estimates. The results show that agricultural crops, i.e., maize and wheat production substantially increases country’s economic growth, while agricultural exports does not supported due to some structural flaws in agriculture commodity market. The results confirm the positive association between agriculture employment and economic growth that helpful to reduce Pakistan’s internal migration issues. The study emphasized the need to support rice and sugarcane production through protective prices, economic policies, and financialization in the commodity markets.&nbsp

The Influencing Factors of the Career Pathway for Health Professions’ Education

Objectives: In this study our objective was to identify and explore the factors that influenced the choice of those Medical and Dental Graduates who chose HPE as a sole career, as to our knowledge there is yet to be an attempt exploring the factors influencing the choice of HPE as a sole career. Significance of Study: Doctors and dentists have a wide variety of specialties. One such specialty is HPE that revolves around all three divisions, undergraduate, postgraduate and the continuing professional development, of a Medical and Dental Practitioner. In Pakistan, there is a varied perception of this specialty despite it encompassing the very essence in the journey of a medical and dental graduate, aiming to produce a population of ethical, knowledgeable, skilled and up-to-date professionals. (9-11)To address these, a formal process of training is required with enrollment in an HPE Program. This study has been designed to identify and explore the choice of those Graduates who have opted HPE as a sole career.   1.       Materials and methods Study Design: A qualitative exploratory design was employed to explore the factors influencing specialty preference by phenomenology(12) Study Setting and Duration: The study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad. Data was collected over four months, February to May, and the total duration of the study was from February to June. Study Population: All medical and dental graduates who had completed a post-graduate HPE qualification and had at least five years’ experience. Population size: A total 18 doctors were identified after the inclusion and exclusion criteria. However, only 6 agreed to participate in the study. Inclusion Criteria: Medical and Dental graduates that had opted post-graduate HPE qualification

DERANGED SERUM LIPID LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA.

Background; Preeclampsia (PE), as a risky pregnancy, is a systemic disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and edema, which are thought to be the result of diffuse endothelial activation and dysfunction. About 5% of all pregnant women have PE during the second half of gestation that can cause maternal death throughout the world and is accompanied by substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective; To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in women with preeclampsia at a tertiary care hospital.   Material and Methods; A total of 135 women with preeclampsia (Both primigravida and multigravida) aged 20 – 40 years were included in our study.  Patients with twin pregnancy, taking lipid lowering therapy were excluded from our study. Detailed history and physical examination was conducted. Five ml venous blood sample was drawn and sent to central pathology laboratory of Nishtar Hospital, Multan for serum lipid profile estimation. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Version 20. Results; Mean gestational age of our study cases was 33.24 ± 2.77 weeks. Mean age of our study cases was 29.61 ± 3.54 years. Family history was positive in 41 (30.4%) of our study cases. Diabetes was present in 25 (18.5 %) of our study cases. Mean parity was 2.59 ± 1.72 and 77 (57.0%) had parity up to 3. Mean body mass index of our study cases was 25.85 ± 2.54 kg/m2 and obesity was present in 31 (23.0 %) of our study cases. Of these 135 study cases, 104 (77.0 %) were illiterate while 31 (23.0%) were literate. Of these 135 study cases, dyslipidemia was present in 73 (54.1%). Mean Serum Cholesterol level was 223.45 ± 47.21 mg/dl and it was deranged in 71 (52.59 %), mean serum LDL level was 147.15 ± 31.25 mg/dl and it was deranged in 72 (53.33%), mean serum triglyceride level was 154.21 ± 15.29 mg/dl and it was deranged in 70 (51.85%) of our study cases and mean HDL level was 52.42±8.53 mg/dl while it was deranged in 14 (10.37%).   Conclusion; Very high frequency of dyslipidemia was noted in our study in pre-eclamptic women. Dyslipidemia was significantly associated with gestational age, parity and diabetes.  All the preeclamptic women should be screened for serum lipid levels and be managed accordingly to avoid future fetomaternal adverse outcomes. Keywords; Preeclampsia, dyslipidemia, Frequency. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-0

SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF VISUAL INSPECTION WITH LUGOL’S IODINE S(VILI) IN CERVICAL CANCER.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer worldwide, accounting for 13% of all female cancer in developing countries. Cervical cancer is a disease that can be prevented through both primary prevention and early detection. Pap smear is a screening method which has been used for so long. Hence, one simple diagnostic test namely visual inspection with Lugol 's iodine (VILI) which is based on the ability of the trained healthcare personnel to detect yellow non iodine uptake areas in the cervical transformation zone are currently being evaluated in the experimental setting as potential alternative to cervical cytology. Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) taking histopathology as gold standard among patients of cervical cancer. Subjects and methods: A total of 285 women with early marriage, history of post-coital bleeding, history of post- menopausal bleeding and history of per vaginal discharge were included in study. Women with obvious cervical growth and diagnosed cervical cancer were excluded. I put each patient in the  lithotomy  position and insert Cusco's speculum to visualize cervix. I cleaned the cervix with cotton soaked with normal saline. Now applied Jugol 's iodine, to the cervix normal squamous epithelium contain glycogen and stain.  Conversely premalignant and malignant squamous tissue contain no glycogen and does not stain with iodine. This was schillers test and non-staining areas were schiller positive. For further confirmation I took biopsy from schillers positive area and sent for histopathology. Results: Age range in this study was from 21 to 60 years with mean age of 39.393± 6.66 years and mean duration of disease was 6.031±2.09 months. 43.9% patients were belong to rural area and 56.1% belongs to urban area. 25.6% patients have Family History of cervical cancer. Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) diagnosed 43(15.1%) patients and Histopathology diagnosed 15.8% patients with Cervical cancer. Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) has shown sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity 98.3%, diagnostic accuracy by 96%, PPV 90.6%, NPV 97.5%, (p=0.000) in diagnosis of Cervical cancer.  Conclusion: My study showed VILI good sensitivity and it can therefore be a suitable potential alternative/adjunctive screening test not only in resource-poor settings but also in well-equipped centers. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine, Diagnostic accuracy DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-0

Wave Energy in Clatsop County, OR: An Economic Impact Analysis

This study analyzes the economic impacts of building a wave energy commercial generation project in Clatsop County, Oregon. The modeled project is relatively small, and was produced by reviewing relevant wave energy literature and working with two local wave energy developers to estimate the expenditures and related costs of the project. We find that the construction and ongoing operation of a commercial wave energy project would create gains in employment, income, and output in the area as well as preparing Astoria for further wave energy development