Aesthetic Evaluation of Royal Palace in Yadanapon Period (Eastern Royal Zone)

Mandalay is one of the old cities in Yadanapon Period (1858.AD-1885.AD), and the last devastating war had seriously destroyed the palace buildings and left with only the memories of the past grandeur of the seat of the two kings: reign Mindon and Thibaw. In Yadanapon Period, the Royal Architecture or Palace Architecture arouse the desire to visualize the glittering halls and spires that they stood on the platform in the center of the fort. It remains many architectural significant of Myanmar Architecture for our future generation. Therefore, the author traces back the style of Mandalay Old Palace at first, which is derived from which previous styles and then he studies on the layout, functional relationships and spatial relationships of Palace Buildings which are mainly taken into consideration. Then, the author analyzes the architectural aspects and design elements of Palace Buildings. The purpose of this paper is to conserve the ritual expression, architectural styles, and characteristics of Myanmar Architecture. Moreover, the author would like to figure out the aesthetic evaluation of Royal Architecture in Yadanapon Period with systematic analysis which is based on literature review, site studies, observations and his opinions

Integrated crop management for cassava cultivation in Asia

The demand for cassava in Asia is expected to grow in the years to come, largely because of an increasing demand for animal feed, biofuels and multiple uses of starch. Increasing the quantity and quality of cassava products in response to growing demand requires careful and sustainable increases in cassava production. This chapter describes good agricultural practices (GAP) in cassava cultivation, focusing on pre- and post-harvesting practices and measures to manage crop health, including ensuring soil fertility and weed, disease and pest control. The chapter addresses the challenge of encouraging farmers to adopt GAP and reviews likely future trends in this area

The long-term impact of the leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis (Lpep) program on leprosy incidence:a modelling study

Background The Leprosy Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (LPEP) program explored the feasibility and impact of contact tracing and the provision of single dose rifampicin (SDR) to eligible contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Tanzania. As the impact of the programme is difficult to establish in the short term, we apply mathematical modelling to predict its long-term impact on the leprosy incidence. Methodology The individual-based model SIMCOLEP was calibrated and validated to the historic leprosy incidence data in the study areas. For each area, we assessed two scenarios: 1) continua-tion of existing routine activities as in 2014; and 2) routine activities combined with LPEP starting in 2015. The number of contacts per index patient screened varied from 1 to 36 between areas. Projections were made until 2040. Principal findings In all areas, the LPEP program increased the number of detected cases in the first year(s) of the programme as compared to the routine programme, followed by a faster reduction after-wards with increasing benefit over time. LPEP could accelerate the reduction of the leprosy incidence by up to six years as compared to the routine programme. The impact of LPEP varied by area due to differences in the number of contacts per index patient included and differences in leprosy epidemiology and routine control programme. Conclusions The LPEP program contributes significantly to the reduction of the leprosy incidence and could potentially accelerate the interruption of transmission. It would be advisable to include contact tracing/screening and SDR in routine leprosy programmes.</p

Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with single-dose rifampicin

_Objective:_ Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with single-dose rifampicin (SDRPEP) has proven effective and feasible, and is recommended by WHO since 2018. This SDR-PEP toolkit was developed through the experience of the leprosy postexposure prophylaxis (LPEP) programme. It has been designed to facilitate and standardise the implementation of contact tracing and SDR-PEP administration in regions and countries that start the intervention. _Results:_ Four tools were developed, incorporating the current evidence for SDRPEP and the methods and learnings from the LPEP project in eight countries. (1) th

Some aspects of high energy backward scattering

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Detection of Thielaviopsis basicola by serological methods

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