Filosofía oriental para el desarrollo de la creatividad humana propuesta de liderazgo comunicacional desde el sistema de la educación japonesa

Trabajo final de graduación de 146 páginas en formato pdfDespués de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, al inicio de los años sesenta, se introdujo en Japón el plan de desarrollo económico llamado “Plan para Duplicación de la Renta Nacional”, el cual incluía todo lo que se refería a la producción, distribución y consumo en cuanto a las construcciones públicas, a la industria, a la agricultura, al transporte, a las comunicaciones, y otros sectores. Los grandes problemas que este plan pretendía resolver, eran los de dar empleo a la creciente población, satisfaciendo así la demanda, también creciente, de bienes de consumo y atender la descentralización de la industria, ofreciendo nuevos empleos u ocupaciones en lugares de alta densidad demográfica y con insuficientes posibilidades de trabajo. No era posible planear la industrialización, el mejoramiento en la rama de la agricultura o la expansión de las comunicaciones terrestres, sin pensar en la necesidad de educar a la juventud en las múltiples tareas que implica ese esfuerzo hacia el desarrollo integral. Era necesario, pues, un plan de reforma de la educación. Los educadores e investigadores observan de cerca, y en forma comparativa, tanto los planes y las innovaciones, como los logros y fracasos de lo que en educación se hacía en Estados Unidos de Norte América y Alemania, y en otros países de Europa, tratando de forjar un plan que resolviera las necesidades del país. En Costa Rica, de la misma manera que en Japón, se ha llegado a la conclusión de que el sistema educativo ­en general­ no está en armonía con las necesidades del país. Esto resulta muy claro, si se piensa que en el área de la agricultura, de la industria y en el mismo campo de la educación, no se cuenta con el personal idóneo necesario para cumplir las tareas propias de cada área, y que tampoco se contará con ese personal en un futuro cercano, dado que el sistema educativo no los prepara, o si lo hace apenas alcanza para satisfacer necesidades inmediatas. Por esto se ha pensado en un plan integral que busque el desarrollo educativo del país, y el desarrollo de la creatividad humana lo que es un motor del progreso tanto para la sociedad como para los seres humanos. Ahora bien, dado que los esfuerzos hechos en Costa Rica y en Japón son similares en cuanto a la introducción de estos planes educativos se refiere, creemos que se pueden aprovechar la presentación de los mismos, para determinar, desde el punto de vista de la filosofía oriental, en qué forma el desarrollo de la creatividad humana influye para mejorar, prácticamente, ambos sistemas. Este trabajo pretende proponer al sistema educativo costarricense, tomando como base el sistema educativo japonés, para derivar, al final, recomendaciones respecto del desarrollo de la creatividad humana, lograr compartir los elementos fructíferos de la filosofía oriental.Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Ric

コウトウ キョウイク カイカク ノ ソウゴ コウイ ブンセキ : ビデオ エスノグラフィー ケンキュウ ノ ネライ ト コウガクブ トシ コウガク エンシュウ ノ ジッサイ

ビデオエスノグラフィーは、当事者的知識を十分に摂取しながら行うビデオ分析であり、我々は この方法で、高等教育改革の現場を研究した。生涯学習社会の到来を受けて、日本の高等教育は現在第 2 次世界大戦直後以来の改革期にある。すなわち、「知識」より「生涯学習能力」の獲得を志向した、 自発性を尊重するような様々な取り組みがなされ始めている。この高等教育の現場に対し、ワークプレ ース研究を行った。Ｂ大学工学部都市工学演習α班を分析対象とした調査の結果、①演習の課題解釈に は「従来の指標の相対化の要求の程度」を巡って２つの解釈があり得たこと、②班内にはその２種類の 解釈に対応した葛藤・対立的相互行為が存在したこと、③にもかかわらず、班内葛藤を生きる当事者が ともに専門性（「都市工学」）を志向していたこと、④したがって、課題理解のいかんにかかわらず、 班活動の全体が「都市工学演習」と呼び得るものになっていたこと、⑤その一方で、最終審査会場（ジ ュリー）ではこの２重性が十分レリバントなものとして浮かび上がって来ていなかったこと、これらの ことがわかった。諸結果を総合すると、学生の自主的活動を尊重するタイプの、新しい学習方法の吟味・ 評価のためには、学生によるその方法の実践状況の分析が有意義であるだろうこと、また、それは、場 合によっては教員の評価のパラダイムを変える力を持つだろうことなどが予測された。なお、本報告は、 文科省科学研究費補助金「高等教育改革のコミュニケーション分析－現場における文化変容の質的検討 －」（基盤研究（Ｂ）、 課題番号 １８３３０１０５、研究代表者：樫田美雄）ほかによる研究成果 の一部である

Functional tooth number and mortality

Aim: Previous studies on the association between intraoral conditions and mortality in community-dwelling older individuals reported that fewer present teeth (PT) are significant risk factors for mortality. However, how the number of PT relative to the number of functional teeth (FT), including both present and rehabilitated teeth, influences mortality has not been investigated fully. This study examined the impact of the number of FT on mortality among community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational and population-based follow-up study, which examined 1188 older individuals who participated in an annual geriatric health examination from 2009 to 2015. The average follow-up period was 1697.0 ± 774.5 days. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at follow-up. The numbers of PT and FT of each participant were counted during an oral examination. In addition, demographics, clinical variables, blood nutrient markers, physical functions and perceived masticatory function were measured. Results: Kaplan–Meier analysis, followed by a log-rank test, revealed that fewer PT (P < 0.001) and FT (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with a reduced survival rate. Cox's proportional hazard analysis indicated that the number of FT, but not the number of PT, was a significant independent mortality risk factor after adjusting for demographics, clinical variables, nutrient markers and physical functioning (P = 0.036, hazard ratio: 2.089). Conclusions: Current results suggest that the number of FT more strongly predicts all-cause mortality than the number of PT among community-dwelling older adults. Further studies are necessary to consider the confounding of socioeconomic status and disability status

Number of functional teeth more strongly predicts all‐cause mortality than number of present teeth in Japanese older adults

Aim Previous studies on the association between intraoral conditions and mortality in community‐dwelling older individuals reported that fewer present teeth (PT) are significant risk factors for mortality. However, how the number of PT relative to the number of functional teeth (FT), including both present and rehabilitated teeth, influences mortality has not been investigated fully. This study examined the impact of the number of FT on mortality among community‐dwelling Japanese older adults. Methods This study was a retrospective, observational and population‐based follow‐up study, which examined 1188 older individuals who participated in an annual geriatric health examination from 2009 to 2015. The average follow‐up period was 1697.0 ± 774.5 days. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at follow‐up. The numbers of PT and FT of each participant were counted during an oral examination. In addition, demographics, clinical variables, blood nutrient markers, physical functions and perceived masticatory function were measured. Results Kaplan–Meier analysis, followed by a log‐rank test, revealed that fewer PT (P  Conclusions Current results suggest that the number of FT more strongly predicts all‐cause mortality than the number of PT among community‐dwelling older adults. Further studies are necessary to consider the confounding of socioeconomic status and disability status

Impact of number of functional teeth on independence of Japanese older adults

Aim To examine the relationship between the number of present and functional teeth at baseline and future incidence of loss of independence. Methods Participants were community-dwelling older individuals who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination conducted in Kusatsu town, Japan, between 2009 and 2015. The primary endpoint was the incidence of loss of independence among participants, defined as the first certification of long-term care insurance in Japan. The numbers of present and functional teeth at baseline were determined via an oral examination. Demographics, clinical variables (e.g., history of chronic diseases and psychosocial factors), blood nutritional markers, physical functions, and perceived masticatory function were assessed. Results This study included 1121 individuals, and 205 individuals suffered from loss of independence during the follow-up period. Kaplan–Meier estimates of loss of independence for participants with smaller numbers of present and functional teeth were significantly greater than for those with larger numbers of teeth. Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated that a smaller number of present teeth was not a significant risk factor after adjusting for demographic characteristics. However, the number of functional teeth was a significant risk factor after the adjustment (hazard ratio: 1.975 [1.168–3.340]). Additionally, higher hazard ratios were observed in other adjusted models, but they were not statistically significant. Conclusions The number of functional teeth may be more closely related to the future incidence of loss of independence than the number of present teeth. This novel finding suggests that prosthodontic rehabilitation for tooth loss possibly prevents the future incidence of this life-event

Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Possible association with malignancy

Objectives: Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) are useful tools for identifying clinically homogeneous subsets and predicting prognosis of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) including polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Recent studies have shown that anti-NXP2 antibody (Ab) is a major MSA in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). In this study the frequencies and clinical associations of anti-NXP2 Ab were evaluated in adult patients with IIM. Methods: Clinical data and serum samples were collected from 507 adult Japanese patients with IIM (445 with DM and 62 with PM). Eleven patients with JDM, 108 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 433 with systemic sclerosis and 124 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were assessed as disease controls. Serum was examined for anti-NXP2 Ab by immunoprecipitation and western blotting using polyclonal anti-NXP2 Ab. Results: Seven patients (1.6%) with adult DM and one (1.6%) with adult PM were positive for anti-NXP2 Ab. Except for two patients with JDM, none of the disease controls were positive for this autoantibody. Among eight adult patients with IIM, three had internal malignancies within 3 years of diagnosis of IIM. Another patient with DM also had a metastatic cancer at the diagnosis. All of the carcinomas were at an advanced stage (stage IIIb-IV). Conclusions: While less common than in juvenile IIM, anti-NXP2 Ab was found in adult IIM. Anti-NXP2 Ab may be associated with adult IIM with malignancy

ウラワ ダイガク コドモ コミュニティセンター ニ オケル オヤコ ヘイコウ サンカ プログラム ノ イギ ニ カンスル イチ コウサツ サンカシャ ノ アンケート カラ

こどもコミュニティセンターでは、親子のひろば「ぽっけ」の参加者である親子を対象に、学生による保育付きのプログラムを実施してきた。今回、新たに親子それぞれが並行してプログラムに参加する親子並行プログラムを実施した。親プログラムは、名称を「My Own Time～わたしの時間～」とし、参加者である母親にひとときの子どもと離れた自由時間を提供する内容とした。子どもプログラムは名称を「おにいさんおねえさんと遊べるタイム」とし、親から離れて1人で学生と一緒に遊ぶ内容とした。終了後のアンケートでは、親プログラムは気持ちがリフレッシュし、子どもへの気持ちを再確認できる機会となり、子どもはプログラムへの参加が社会的経験となり、親子で共に成長する機会となった等の感想が得られた。アンケートの内容、子どもプログラムの観察と学生への聞き取り、その後の親子の様子から、プログラムの内容について考察し、大学でプログラムを行うことの意義を検討する。At the Child Community Center, the programs for parents with childcare by college students have been held since it was found. This time new programs were conducted as parents and children could join separately in the different programs at the same time.　The name of the programs for the parents was “My Own Time”, designed for giving them two-hours free time away from their children. Another program for children was called “Playing with Big Brothers and Sisters” which was planned for enabling the children to play with college students in the drop-in“Pokke” as they were separated from their parents. According to the results of the questionnaires, parents gained a relaxation time and found an opportunity to rediscover how they love their children. Consequently, the programs have supported the growth of both parents and children. We will examine the meanings of these programs by analyzing the results of the questionnaires, observing the children’ program, listening to the students voices, and investigating continually to the relationship between parents and children

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target