The Protective Role of Folic Acid and Vitamin E Against Toxical Effects of Valproic Acid on Liver Tissue During Period of Gestation

Valproic acid is an anticonvulsan drug used in epilepsy. Thehistopathological changes of valproic acid on liver and the protective effectof vitamin E and also folic acid were observed. 24 adult female Wistar Albinorats were used. The first control, the second valproic acid group that wasgiven 300 mg/kg on 8.9. and 10. days of gestation, the third valproic acid+vitamin E group. Vitamin E was given 250mg/kg via nasogastric intubationbefore one hour administration of valproic acid on 8.9.10.days of gestation.The fourth valproic acid+ folic acid group; via valproic acid, folic acid wasgiven 400 microgram ordinarily in drinking water per day. In the liversections of valproic acid group, perivenullar dilatation, swelling of Kuppfercells, microvesicular steatosis and degeneration were observed. In the secondgroup there was moderate degeneration in hepatocytes,necrotic areas insome places, mononuclear cell infiltration. In valproic acid +vitamin E groupnormal-like appearance of the structure of Remark cell lines were observed.Under these source of results, we viewed antioxidants decreased thehepatotoxicity on liver tissue by using folic acid and vitamin E

Expanding gray zones in ERCC2 mutations; a patient with XP phenotype and acute post-infectious leukodystrophy

Mutations in ERCC2, a Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) gene leads to Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne Syndrome (CS) phenotypes with various severities. While patients undergo XP disease are primarily suffering from skin hypersensitivity but rarely having central nervous system problems, TTD and CS patients are mostly having neurological disorders. In addition to that severe changes in hair and nail texture are especially unique to TTD. Hereby we report a previously healthy patient developed a rapid neurological decline and severe leukodystrophy due to an acute infection in which kept up with mild UV sensitivity and mild developmental delay. Pathophysiology of infection related neurodegeneration and DNA repair genes are also discussed

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. Peel Extract, Their Antioxidant, Antipathogenic, and Anticholinesterase Activity

The present work deals with the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Allium cepa (yellowish peel) and the evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. For the synthesis of AgNPs, peel aqueous extract (200 mL) was treated with a 40 mM AgNO3 solution (200 mL) at room temperature, and a color change was observed. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, an absorption peak formation at ~439 nm was the sign that AgNPs were present in the reaction solution. UV-vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, TG/DT analyses, and Zetasizer techniques were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The crystal average size and zeta potential of AC-AgNPs with predominantly spherical shapes were measured as 19.47 ± 1.12 nm and −13.1 mV, respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were used for the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test. When compared to tested standard antibiotics, AC-AgNPs demonstrated good growth inhibitory activities on P. aeuruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus strains. In vitro, the antioxidant properties of AC-AgNPs were measured using different spectrophotometric techniques. In the β-Carotene linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assay, AC-AgNPs showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 116.9 µg/mL, followed by metal-chelating capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 120.4 µg/mL and 128.5 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of produced AgNPs on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. This study provides an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and easy method for the synthesis of AgNPs that can be used for biomedical activities and also has other possible industrial applications

The Investigation of the Chemical Composition and Applicability of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Amygdalus communis (Almond) Leaf Aqueous Extract as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents

The current work’s main objective was to determine the chemical composition of Amygdalus communis (AC) leaf extract and examine the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The chemical composition of AC leaf extract was determined using LC-ESI/MS/MS to detect compounds that may be responsible for the reducing, stabilizing, and capping steps in the synthesis of nanoparticles and their biological activities. The AC-AuNPs were spherical, with a particle size lower than 100 nm and a face-centered cubic structure. The EDX spectrum confirmed the formation of AuNPs and a negative zeta potential value (−27.7 mV) suggested their physicochemical stability. The in vitro cytotoxic efficacy of the AC-AuNPs against colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), glioma (U118), and ovarian (Skov-3) cancer cell lines and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was evaluated by MTT assay. CaCo-2 cell proliferation was effectively inhibited by the AC-AuNPs at concentrations between 25 and 100 g mL−1. The AC-AuNPs exerted preeminent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an MIC of 0.02 μg/mL, whilst good activity was shown against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans yeast with an MIC of 0.12 μg/mL. Ultimately, the results support the high antibacterial and anticancer potential of biosynthesized AuNPs from AC leaf extract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon): determination of chemical composition and evaluation of their antimicrobials and anticancer activities

The eco-friendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) using biological materials is an encouraging and innovativeness approach to nanotechnology. Among other synthesizing methods, biological methods are chosen because of their high efficiency and purity in many aspects. In this work, using the aqueous extract obtained from the green leaves of the D. kaki L. (DK); silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a short time and simply with an eco-friendly approach. The properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using various techniques and measurements. In the characterization data of AgNPs, Maximum absorbance at 453.34 nm wavelengths, the average size distribution of 27.12 nm, the surface charge of −22.4 mV, and spherical appearance were observed. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to assess the compound composition of D. kaki leaf extract. The chemical profiling of the crude extract of D. kaki leaves revealed the presence of a variety of phytochemicals, predominantly phenolics, resulting in the identification of five major high-feature compounds: two major phenolic acids (Chlorogenic acid and Cynarin), and tree flavonol glucosides (hyperoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin-3- D-xyloside). The components with the highest concentrations were cynarin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3- D-xyloside, hyperoside, and quercetin-3-glucoside, respectively. Antimicrobial results were determined by a MIC assay. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the human and food pathogen Gram (+ and −) bacteria and good antifungal activity against pathogenic yeast. It was determined that 0.03–0.050 μg/mL concentrations ranges of DK-AgNPs were growth suppressive concentrations on all pathogen microorganisms. The MTT technique was used to study the cytotoxic effects of produced AgNPs on cancer cell lines (Glioblastoma (U118), Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), Human Ovarian Sarcoma (Skov-3) cancer cell lines, and Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) healthy cell line). It has been observed that they have a suppressive effect on the proliferation of cancerous cell lines. After 48 h of treatment with Ag-NPs, the DK-AgNPs were found to be extremely cytotoxic to the CaCo-2 cell line, inhibiting cell viability by up to 59.49% at a concentration of 50 g mL−1. It was found that the viability was inversely related to the DK-AgNP concentration. The biosynthesized AgNPs had dose-dependent anticancer efficacy. Because of the high concentration of bioactive chemicals in Diospyros kaki, it may be employed as a biological resource in medicinal applications. DK-AgNPs were shown to be an effective antibacterial agent as well as a prospective anticancer agent. The results provide a potential approach for the biogenic production of DK-AgNPs utilizing D. kaki aqueous leaf extract

Performance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for the prediction of long-term morbidity and mortality in coronary slow flow phenomenon patients presented with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine if neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio could predict long term morbidity and mortality in patients who hospitalized for non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and had coronary slow flow on coronary angiography. Methods: In this observational study, 111 patients who presented with NSTE-ACS and diagnosed with coronary slow flow phenomenon on angiographic examination were included. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) calculated as the ratio of the number of neutrophils to the number of lymphocytes. Patients classified into three groups according to NLR values. The term coronary slow flow phenomenon was depicted by calculating Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count.Patients were followed up and the occurrence of recurrent angina, recurrent myocardial infarction, and long-term mortality was determined using medical records, phone calls, or face-to-face interviews. P values <0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Recurrent angina and myocardial infarction occurred more frequently in the highest NLR tertile compared with middle and lowest NLR tertiles. High NLR group (NLR≥ 3.88 n=38) was significantly associated with younger age and smoking status. WBC, troponin I and CRP levels increased as the NLR tertile increased. Recurrent myocardial infarction and angina showed strong relationship with increasing NLR values. In multivariate regression analyses smoking and high NLR levels were independent predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction (HR:4.64 95%CI 0.95-22.52 P=0.04, HR: 1.48 95%CI 1.16-1.90 P<0.01 respectively) in the long term follow up. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that high NLR values can be a valuable prognostic tool in the long term follow up of patients who presented with NSTE-ACS and diagnosed with slow flow phenomenon on coronary angiography

Inhibitory effects of gold nanoparticles biosynthesized by redox reaction using Rheum ribes lam fruit peels on pathogen strains and cancer cells

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are very valuable materials used in many fields, especially in biomedical applications. In this study Rheum ribes Lam-derived AuNPs (Rrib AuNPs) were synthesized in an environmentally friendly, easy and low-cost method using the extract obtained from the waste skin of the fruit known as Rheum ribes Lam (Kurdish banana). Functional groups of phytochemicals responsible for redox reactions were determined by FTIR data. Properties of synthesized Rrib AuNPs UV-vis, TEM, FE-SEM, Zeta potential, XRD, AFM, TGA-DTA), EDX), Zetasizer devices. In the characterization data, it was determined that Rrib AuNPs had an average size distribution of 58.27 nm, a spherical appearance morphology, a maximum absorbance of 543.96 nm, a surface charge of 23.0 mV, a monodisperse and stable structure. It was determined by microdilution that the synthesized Rrib AuNPs had antibacterial and anti-fungal effects with 0.03–0.50 mg ml1 Minimum Inhibition Concentration amounts. The cytotoxic effects of Rrib AuNPs on cancer and healthy cell lines were investigated using the MTT method

Farklı yöntemlerle üreaz/alanindehidrogenaz enzim çiftinin immobilizasyonu ve sistemin kan üre düzeyinin düşürebilme olanaklarının araştırılması

Üreaz, ürenin amonyak ve karbondiokside hidrolizini katalizleyen bir enzimdir. Daha önce pek çok polimerik materyal üreaz immobilizasyonu için kullanılmış olup analitik ve biyomedikal alanlarda kullanımı açıklanmıştır. İmmobilize üreazın başlıca biyomedikal uygulamalarından biri detoksifikasyon için direk kandan veya yapay böbrek makinelerinin diyaliz sistemlerinden üre atılımıdır. Alanin dehidrogenaz (AlaDH), NAD+ varlığında L-alaninin piruvat ve amonyağa dönüşümlü deaminasyonunu katalizleyen bir enzimdir. Üreaz reaksiyonu sonucu oluşan amonyak, başlıca toksik metabolik ürünlerden biridir ve AlaDH reaksiyonu ile alanine dönüşmektedir. AlaDH’ın çeşitli kaynaklardan saflaştırılmasına ve özellikleri araştırılmasına rağmen, immobilizasyon çalışmaları sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, farklı yöntemler kullanılarak üreaz ve Üreaz/AlaDH enzim çiftinin immobilizasyonu gerçekleştirildi. Üreaz, glisidil metakrilat (GMA) aşılanmış naylon-6-membrana, kalsiyum-aljinat boncuklara ve poli-L-lizin (PLL) kaplı kalsiyum-aljinat boncuklarda immobilize edildi. Üreaz/AlaDH ise PLL kaplı kalsiyum-aljinat boncuklara immobilize edildi. İmmobilize ve serbest enzimlerin aktivitesine bazı parametrelerin (inkübasyon süresi, pH, sıcaklık, substrat konsantrasyonu) etkisi incelenerek kararlılık testleri (termal, pH, depo kararlılığı ve tekrar kullanılabilirlik) yapıldı. Seçilen immobilizasyon metodu ile uygun reaktör tasarımı yapıldı

Biosynthesis of AgNPs by extract from waste leaves of Citrullus lanatus sp. (watermelon); characterization, antibacterial and antifungal effects

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are valuable materials with a large number of sectors used. Green synthesis is very important for biomedical applications as they show biocompatible properties. In this study, AgNPs were easily synthesized using the environmentally friendly green synthesis approach using agricultural waste parts of Citrullus lanatus sp. plant grown in Diyarbakır region. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was made. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used to evaluate the phytochemicals responsible for effective reduction in the formation of AgNPs. UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.) Spectra were also used to determine the presence of AgNPs. X-Ray Diffraction Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope, Zeta potential analyzes were performed to define the crystal structures, dimensions and surface charges of AgNPs, respectively. In these data, it was determined that AgNPs showed maximum absorbance at 460 nm, spherical appearance, 21.27 crystal nano size and -30.05 mV zeta potential. Antimicrobial effects of AgNPs on gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) bacteria, gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as on fungus C. albicans pathogenic microorganisms It was analyzed by specifying the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) by microdilution

Tuz Stresi Uygulanan Soyada (Glycine max L.) Salisilik Asidin Fizyolojik Etkisi

In this study, different salt stress (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) to the concentration of salicylic acid is different (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mM) concentrations are applied, soybean (Glycine max L.) plant changes of some parameters investigated. The salt depending on the application Chlorophyll, MDA, ion (Na +, K +, Ca + +, Mg + +) ion contents of proline and varied in different ways according to the control. Chlorophyll different salt concentration, a decrease in the amount of potassium and magnesium, MDA, proline, has led to increase in the amount of sodium and calcium. Salicylic application of chlorophyll, increased the amount of potassium and magnesium, MDA, proline, decreased the amount of sodium and calcium. According to the results of chlorophyll, MDA, ion and proline applied with a positive correlation between the amount of salicylic acid have shown that. Salicylic acid has shown protective features against salt stress and concentration of 1.0 mM salicylic acid against salt stress tolerance enhancing effects to effectively conclude