ピレンを構成単位に用いた構成が明確な多環芳香族炭化水素の合成研究

首都大学東京, 2016-09-30, 博士（理学）首都大学東

Assessment of eye health care services of Bangladesh using eye care service assessment tools

Background: Bangladesh is being the commissioner for oaths to vision 2020, a global campaign for elimination of avoidable blindness by 2020, formulated a national eye care plan. This report illustrates the present status of Bangladesh eye health care service using eye care service assessment tool (ECSAT) that assesses an eye health system across six ‘building blocks’ of a health system.Methods: The study followed a mixed method to collect data. World health organization (WHO) standard ECSAT was used to gather information on eye care service. A purposive sampling method was used. Data from the assessment were extracted and all the information was cross-checked with leading stakeholders of ministry of health.Results: Eye care planning is led by the national eye care. There is a national eye health action plan and a national eye health coordination office under the ministry of health. The health delivery system includes primarily government and non-profit facilities with eight hospitals delivering specialist eye care services across the country. A significant proportion of eye care is provided through community outreach camps and a network of primary and community health workers. The national cataract surgical rate (CSR) is estimated at 2600 per million populations per year.Conclusions: This assessment suggests that although Bangladesh has made some progress towards elimination of avoidable blindness, it would be difficult to retain without further significant investment with a transparent accountability framework in eye health considering all limitation and contemporary challenges

Malaria Prevalence in Endemic Districts of Bangladesh

BACKGROUND: Following the 1971 ban of DDT in Bangladesh, malaria cases have increased steadily. Malaria persists as a major health problem in the thirteen south-eastern and north-eastern districts of Bangladesh. At present the national malaria control program, largely supported by the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), provides interventions including advocacy at community level, Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) distribution, introduction of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) and combination therapy with Coartem. It is imperative, therefore, that baseline data on malaria prevalence and other malaria indicators are collected to assess the effectiveness of the interventions and rationalize the prevention and control efforts. The objective of this study was to obtain this baseline on the prevalence of malaria and bed net use in the thirteen malaria endemic districts of Bangladesh. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In 2007, BRAC and ICDDR,B carried out a malaria prevalence survey in thirteen malaria endemic districts of Bangladesh. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used and 9750 blood samples were collected. Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) were used for the diagnosis of malaria. The weighted average malaria prevalence in the thirteen endemic districts was 3.97%. In five south-eastern districts weighted average malaria prevalence rate was 6.00% and in the eight north-eastern districts weighted average malaria prevalence rate was (0.40%). The highest malaria prevalence was observed in Khagrachari district. The majority of the cases (90.18%) were P. falciparum infections. Malaria morbidity rates in five south-eastern districts was 2.94%. In eight north-eastern districts, morbidity was 0.07%. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Bangladesh has hypoendemic malaria with P. falciparum the dominant parasite species. The malaria situation in the five north-eastern districts of Bangladesh in particular warrants urgent attention. Detailed maps of the baseline malaria prevalence and summaries of the data collected are provided along with the survey results in full, in a supplemental information

Spatial malaria epidemiology in Bangladeshi highlands

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An algorithm for securing user credentials by combining Encryption and Hashing method

Internet browsers, run on electronic devices usually preserve sensitive information, for example, client identifications. With present day innovation, most of the internet browsers uses password logins as an initial validation to demonstrate a client's individuality. Passwords perform as the primary safeguard against provoker manipulation. But, some internet browsers usually preserve client passwords in the records as plaintext. This saved client’s password help the attackers to promptly get client accreditations and break it. This paper proposes a new algorithm for the security of user credentials using the encryption and the hashing method. Specifically, the motivation behind this technique is to make sure about client identifications against data fraud. This approach ensures client accreditations utilizing a new algorithm that at the first stage keeps a password and then encrypt the password. After that, the respected encrypted data is hashed and sent to the internet browser server to store. This devised method is easy to develop and execution in the internet browser

Synthesis of substituted and unsubstituted 2,4-diaryl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-chromens

622-624Anhydrous zinc chloride catalysed reactions of arylidene­acetophenones 2a and 2c-e give 2, 4-diaryl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro-2-chromens 4a-d with 1,3-cyclohexanedione respectively. Under similar conditions arylideneacetophenones 2b, 2d and 2f react with 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (dimedone) to yield 7,7-dimethyl-2,4-diaryl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-chromens 4e-g

Burden of eye disease and demand for care in the Bangladesh Rohingya displaced population and host community: A cohort study.

BackgroundThere is a growing awareness that addressing chronic as well as acute health conditions may contribute importantly to the well-being of displaced populations, but eye care service has generally not been prioritized in crisis situations. We describe a replicable model of eye care provision as delivered by Orbis International and local partners to the Rohingya and host population in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, and characterize the burden of vision impairment and demand for sight-restoring services in this setting.Methods and findingsOrbis International and local secondary facility Cox's Bazar Baitush Sharaf Hospital (CBBSH) provide eye care support to the Rohingya population and the host community of all ages in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, with fixed vision screening locations established in Camps 4 and 11 of the Kutupalong refugee settlement. Structured outreach targets these camps and four surrounding local subdistricts, with referrals made as needed for refraction (glasses measurement) and cataract surgery to CBBSH. Between February 2018 and March 2019, 48,105 displaced Rohingya (70.3%, among whom 71.6% were children and 46.5% women) and 20,357 local residents (29.7%, 88.5% children, 54.4% women) underwent vision screening. Displaced Rohingya sought services from a total of 12 surrounding camps, within which coverage was 17.3%, including 43.3% (27,027/62,424) of children aged 5-11 years and 60.0% (5,315/8,857) of adults ≥ 60 years old. The prevalence of blindness (presenting acuity ConclusionsThe burden of untreated eye disease is very high among the Rohingya, particularly those in their peak working years who could contribute most to the resiliency of their community. Demand for eye care service is also great among children and adults in this population with many competing healthcare priorities. Research is needed, building on strong evidence of benefit in settled populations, to explore the specific impact of vision care on the well-being of displaced populations