Search for the Cosmic Axion Background with ADMX

We report the first result of a direct search for a Cosmic ${\it axion}$ Background C$a$B - a relativistic background of axions that is not dark matter - performed with the axion haloscope, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). Conventional haloscope analyses search for a signal with a narrow bandwidth, as predicted for dark matter, whereas the C$a$B will be broad. We introduce a novel analysis strategy, which searches for a C$a$B induced daily modulation in the power measured by the haloscope. Using this, we repurpose data collected to search for dark matter to set a limit on the axion photon coupling of the C$a$B originating from dark matter decay in the 800-995 MHz frequency range. We find that the present sensitivity is limited by fluctuations in the cavity readout as the instrument scans across dark matter masses. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that these challenges can be surmounted with the use of superconducting qubits as single photon counters, and allow ADMX to operate as a telescope searching for axions emerging from the decay of dark matter. The daily modulation analysis technique we introduce can be deployed for various broadband RF signals, such as other forms of a C$a$B or even high-frequency gravitational waves.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Low Frequency (100-600 MHz) Searches with Axion Cavity Haloscopes

We investigate reentrant and dielectric loaded cavities for the purpose of extending the range of axion cavity haloscopes to lower masses, below the range where the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) has already searched. Reentrant and dielectric loaded cavities were simulated numerically to calculate and optimize their form factors and quality factors. A prototype reentrant cavity was built and its measured properties were compared with the simulations. We estimate the sensitivity of axion dark matter searches using reentrant and dielectric loaded cavities inserted in the existing ADMX magnet at the University of Washington and a large magnet being installed at Fermilab.Comment: 33 pages, 24 figure

Non-Virialized Axion Search Sensitive to Doppler Effects in the Milky Way Halo

The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) has previously excluded Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnisky (DFSZ) axions between 680-790 MHz under the assumption that the dark matter is described by the isothermal halo model. However, the precise nature of the velocity distribution of dark matter is still unknown, and alternative models have been proposed. We report the results of a non-virialized axion search over the mass range 2.81-3.31 {\mu}eV, corresponding to the frequency range 680-800 MHz. This analysis marks the most sensitive search for non-virialized axions sensitive to Doppler effects in the Milky Way Halo to date. Accounting for frequency shifts due to the detector's motion through the Galaxy, we exclude cold flow relic axions with a velocity dispersion of order 10^-7 c with 95% confidence

Search for invisible axion dark matter in the 3.3-4.2 μeV mass range

We report the results from a haloscope search for axion dark matter in the 3.3-4.2 μeV mass range. This search excludes the axion-photon coupling predicted by one of the benchmark models of "invisible"axion dark matter, the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov model. This sensitivity is achieved using a large-volume cavity, a superconducting magnet, an ultra low noise Josephson parametric amplifier, and sub-Kelvin temperatures. The validity of our detection procedure is ensured by injecting and detecting blind synthetic axion signals

Fixed-Bed Adsorption for the Removal of Iron and Manganese onto Palm Fruit Bunch and Maize Cob

The sorption of iron and manganese onto palm fruit bunch and maize cob in a fixed-bed column was studied. The influence of process variables such as the bed height, the solution flow rate and the percentage breakthrough were investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorbents used removed the studied metal ions effectively. The Bed Depth Service Time Model (BDST) was used to analyse the experimental data and identify design correlations. The Empty Bed Residence Time (EBRT) model, used for optimising the adsorbent exhaustion rate and the time required for influent to fill the column, was also considered

EFFECTS OF THE RF FIELD ASYMMETRY IN SC CAVITIES OF THE PROJECT X*

Abstract Project-X is the proposed high intensity proton facility to be built at Fermilab in United States. First stage of the Project-X consists of H -superconducting linac (SC) which will be operated in continuous wave (CW) mode to accelerate the beam from kinetic energy of 2.1 MeV to 3 GeV. The SC CW linac is divided into two parts: low energy part and high energy part. The low energy part is further segmented into three sections on the basis of families of cavities to be used for the acceleration of beam from 2.1 MeV to 160 MeV. It consists of one family of Half Wave Resonator (HWR) and two families of Single spoke resonator (SSR) i.e. SSR1 and SSR2 designed to operate at frequency of 325 MHz with βoptimal = 0.21 and βoptimal = 0.47 respectively. The high energy part of linac is also segmented into two sections for the rest of acceleration (160 MeV-3 GeV). It consists of two families of elliptical cavities which are designed to operate at frequency of 650 MHz for geometrical beta (β G ) 0.61 and 0.90 respectively. Asymmetry in cavity geometry results in multipole fields which lead to asymmetry in net transverse fields along the length of cavity. The preliminary studies of beam dynamics show that asymmetry in transverse fields is significant in low energy part of linac. In this paper we present the effects of asymmetry in transverse fields on beam dynamics and discuss the possible solutions to minimize these effects

Diagnostic Evaluation of Urinary Angiogenin (ANG)and Clusterin (CLU) as Biomarker for Bladder Cancer

Bladder carcinoma is an important worldwide health problem. Both cystoscopy and urine cytology used in detecting bladder cancer suffer from drawbacks where cystos- copy is an invasive method and urine cytology shows low sensitivity in low grade tumors. This study validates easier and less time-consuming techniques to evaluate the value of com- bined use of angiogenin and clusterin in comparison and combination with voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder cancer patients. This study includes malignant (blad- der cancer patients, n=50), benign (n=20) and healthy (n=20) groups. The studied groups were subjected to cystoscopic examination, detection of bilharzial antibodies, urine cytolo- gy, and estimation of urinary angiogenin and clusterin by ELISA. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 66 and 75 % for angiogenin, 70 and 82.5 % for clusterin and 46 and 80 % for voided urine cytology. Combined sensitivity of voided urine cytology with the two studied biomarkers was 88 % which is higher than the combined sensitivity of both markers alone (82 %) and that of the cytology with each marker (76 and 80 %) for angiogenin and clusterin respective- ly. In conclusion, combined use of the cytology with the studied biomarkers can improve the sensitivity for detecting bladder cancer, and may be very useful in monitoring the effectiveness of antiangiogenic and apoptotic therapies in bladder cancer