Termiticidal Activity of Methanol Extract of Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban) Toward Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren

Termiticide activity of methanol extract of Centella asiatica L. Urban against Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren was investigated using the no choice test. The chemical components of methanol extract of C. asiatica were identified by GC-MS. The antitermite activity showed that the percentage of termite mortality increased when the concentrations of extract increased. The concentrations of 25% indicated the highest termite mortality which reached 100% on the sixth day. Profiling GC-MS methanol extract of C. asiatica revealed 85 chemical components. Based on MS spectral data, 56 chemical components were identified which were grouped into fatty acids (27.09%), esters (23.73%), hydrocarbons (16.56%), ethers (8.28%), sesquiterpenes (1.61 %), alcohol (1.55 %), aldehydes (3.50%), monoterpenes (1.08%), diterpenes (0.67%), steroids (0.43%), and ketones (0.31 %). Among these, the presence of palmitic acid, patchouli alcohol, and β-caryophyllene may be responsible for its termiticide activity. Other compounds such as triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and glycosides that were reported previously not detected by GC-MS in this study, possibly contributing to its activity

Potensi Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Jamur Rhizopus oryzae L.

Pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.) plant belongs to the Balsaminaceae family and is used as an indigenous medicine in Asia for fingernail inflammation, fractures, and rheumatism treatments. Moreover, the antipruritic, antianaphylactic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor activities of some compounds, especially phenolics and quinones from this plant have been studied extensively. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antifungal activity of Pacar air leaves (Impatiens balsamina L.) methanol extract against Rhizopus oryzae L. and the IC50 value. The results showed that an increase in the concentrations of I. balsamina L. leaves methanol extract significantly raised the fungal growth. Furthermore, the extract inhibition against R. oryzae L. at various concentrations of 0.5; 0.7; 0.9; 1.1; and 1.3% w/v were 10, 21.9, 58.06, 68.06, and 79.72%, respectively, while the IC50 value was 0.896%. Hence, the presence of naphthoquinones and other secondary metabolites are responsible for its antifungal activity. Based on these results, the antifungal potential of I. balsamina L. leaves against soft-rot fungi is useful in the future

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tapak Kuda (Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Tapak Kuda (Ipomoea pes-caprae) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The method used was Kirby-Bauer for the antibacterial test with various concentrations of ethanolic extract of I. pes-caprae leaf extract: 5 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 35 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL, with five replications. The antibiotic clindamycin was used as a positive control, while DMSO was a negative control. The results showed that after 24 hours of incubation, the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth was demonstrated by the experimental and the positive control groups, while the negative control did not show the zone of inhibition. The diameter of the largest inhibition zone (11.40 mm) was at a 50 mg/mL test concentration, which was indicated as a strong category. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of the leaves of I. pes-caprae can inhibit the growth of S. epidermidis at all test concentrations. Keywords: Antibacterial, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Staphylococcus epidermidi

Aktivitas Antibakteri Secara In-Vitro Ekstrak Metanol Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour dan Kombinasinya dengan Obat Komersial

The purpose of this study was to look into the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Excoecaria cochinchinensis as well as the effect of its combination with antibiotics on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusion method, and the combined effect of the extract and antibiotics was observed using the paper strip diffusion method. At various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/mL), the extract significantly inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, and S. epidermidis. The inhibitory zone's diameter increased proportionally with the extract concentration. The growth of K. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis was then classified as extremely sensitive (+++) to the addition of the extract at 200 and 250 mg/mL concentrations, meanwhile, E. aerogenes’s with 250 mg/mL of the extract. Secondary metabolites such as oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid, scopoletin, kaempferol, quercetin, diterpenoid compounds, tannins, and other phenolics have been reported from E. cochinchinensis leaves and are thought to be responsible for its antimicrobial activity. The effect of the extract’s combination with antibiotics was insignificant compared to their individual activity, thereby classifying them as indifferent.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak metanol Excoecaria cochinchinensis serta pengaruh kombinasinya dengan antibiotik terhadap pertumbuhan Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran, dan efek gabungan dari ekstrak dan antibiotik diamati dengan menggunakan metode difusi kertas. Pada berbagai konsentrasi (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, dan 250 mg/mL), ekstrak secara signifikan menghambat pertumbuhan K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, dan S. epidermidis. Selain itu, peningkatan diameter zona hambat berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak. Pertumbuhan K. pneumoniae dan S. epidermidis kemudian diklasifikasikan sebagai sangat sangat sensitif (+++) terhadap penambahan ekstrak pada konsentrasi 200 dan 250 mg/mL. Sementara itu, pertumbuhan E. aerogenes diklasifikasikan sebagai sangat sangat sensitif (+++) ketika diberikan 250 mg/mL ekstrak. Metabolit sekunder seperti asam oleanolik, asam arjunolik, skopoletin, kaempferol, kuersetin, senyawa diterpenoid, tanin, dan fenolat lainnya telah dilaporkan dari daun E. cochinchinensis dan diduga bertanggung jawab atas aktivitas antimikrobanya. Efek kombinasi ekstrak dengan antibiotik tidak terjadi peningkatan signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan aktivitas secara tunggal, sehingga diklasifikasikan sebagai efek indifferent

Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanol Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata Linn.) dengan Enam Ekstrak Tumbuhan Terpilih dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and the effect of the combination of methanol extract of the leaves of Chinese ketepeng (Cassia alata Linn.) with six selected plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used is well diffusion and paper tape method. The concentration of the test extract was 100 mg/mL (1:1), DMSO 50% v/v was used as a negative control and the antibiotic clindamycin as a positive control. The results showed that most of the combinations of the methanol extract of the Chinese ketepeng leaf (C. alata) with the six selected plant extracts produced an average diameter of the inhibition zone, which was greater than the average diameter of the inhibition zone of every single extract. However, the average diameter of the combined inhibition zones was not more significant than the sum of the average diameters of the inhibition zones of every single extract. In conclusion, the combination of the methanol extract of the Chinese ketepeng leaf (C. alata) with six selected plant extracts had additive/indifferent effects in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus.  Keywords: Antibacterial, Cassia alata Linn, Combination, Staphylococcus aureu

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis SECARA TUNGGAL DAN KOMBINASI

The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and the ccombined effect of methanol extract of the ketepeng cina leaves (Cassia alata L.) with six selected plant extracts against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the diffusion and the paper strip methods at a concentration of 10% w/v. The results showed the average antibacterial activity of each extract showed the inhibitory growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis.  The average value of the inhibition zones of the single extract samples of ketepeng cina, sambang darah, ruku-ruku, avocado seed, bungli, pacar air, and sungkai resulted in inhibition zones of 6.28±0.20 mm, 7.90±0.31 mm, 2.30±0.37 mm, 3,53±0.50 mm, 4.35±0.52 mm, and 4.69±0.17 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of methanol extract of ketepeng cina leaves (C. alata) with the six selected plants extract in an average diameter of inhibition zone greater than the average diameter of the inhibition zone of each extract. However, the average diameter of the inhibition zone of the combined extract was not more significant than the sum of the diameter of the inhibition zone of each extract. The conclusion of this study is the combination of the methanol extract of ketepeng cina leaves (C. alata) with six selected plant extracts has an additive/indifferent effect in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis.The goal of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and combined effect of a 10% w/v methanol extract of ketepeng cina leaves (Cassia alata) with six selected plant extracts against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the diffusion and paper strip methods. The results revealed that the average antibacterial activity of each extract inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis. The inhibition zones of single extract of C. alata, Excocaria cochinchinensis, Ocinum tenuiflorum, Persea americana, Oroxylum indicum, Impatiens balsamina, and Peronema canescens were 6.28±0.20 mm, 7.90±0.31 mm, 2.30±0.37 mm, 3,53±0.50 mm, 4.35±0.52 mm, and 4.69±0.17 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of ketepeng cina leaves (C. alata) methanol extract with the six selected plants extract in an average diameter of inhibition zone greater than the average diameter of inhibition zone of each extract. However, the combined extract's average diameter of the inhibition zone was not significantly larger than the sum of the diameters of the inhibition zones of each extract. According to the findings of this study, combining the methanol extract of C. alata with six selected plant extracts has an additive/indifferent effect on the growth of S. epidermidis