The World Shaped By 0 And 1

Sanat yapıtları yüzyıllar boyu çağının teknolojik yenilikleri ile gelişmiş ve çeşitlenmiştir. Elektronik teknolojisine bağlı olarak gelişen bilgisayarlar ve dijitalleşme toplumların kültür yapısını değiştirmekte, insan-makine ilişkisini yakınlaştırmakta, teknolojiyi vazgeçilmez kılmaktadır. Bu durum sanat için yeni bir deneyim alanı yaratmıştır. Oluşan dijital evren ve insan arasındaki bağlantı küresel anlamda endüstriyel, ekonomik ve ideolojik eğilimlere bağlı olarak şekillenmektedir. Zaman ve mekan kavramlarını altüst eden dijital yapılanma yaşamı dönüştürmektedir. 20. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren ilk örnekleri görülen elektronik sanat, bilgisayar sanatı ve bugünkü adı ile dijital sanat fotoğraf sanatının geçmişte karşılaştığı eleştirilere benzer yaklaşımlarla değerlendirilmektedir. 21.yüzyılda büyük bir dönüşüm yaratacağı öngörülen Endüstri 4.0 ile birlikte biçimlenecek yaşam biçimlerinde görselleştirmenin, görsel estetiğin ve görsel algılamanın ön planda olacağı düşünülmektedir. Yaşanmakta olan değişim ve dönüşüm özü gereği yenilik,deneysellik ve iletişimi içinde barındıran sanat için bir fırsattır. Bu çalışmada temeli elektronik ve bilgisayar sistemlerine dayanan bilgisayar sanatı, bu alana yön verenler ve dijital sanat oluşumlarının geçirdiği süreçler ilk örnekler üzerinden incelenmektedir.Art has been developed and diversified with the technological innovations throughout the centuries. The computers and digitalization that develops due to the electronic technology are changing the culture structure of the societies. The relationship between human and machine is getting closer and technology becomes indispensable. New technologies has created a new field of experience for art. The link between the digital universe and human beings is shaped globally by industrial, economic and ideological trends. The digital structure, which overturns the concepts of time and space, transforms life. Electronic art and computer art, which have been seen since the middle of the 20th century, are evaluated with similar approaches to the criticisms of photography in the past. Visualization, visual aesthetics and visual perception will be important in the new world to be established with Industry4.0, which is expected to create a great transformation in the 21st century. This is a big change and an opportunity for art. In this paper, computer art based on basic electronic and computer systems, the directors of this field and the processes of digital art formations are examined through the first examples.Publisher's Versio

Peter Greenaway's last supper digital video installation as a 21st century contemporary art proposal

20.yüzyılda ilk örnekleri görülen dijital teknoloji ve dijital görüntü uygulamaları 21.yüzyılla birlikte post-dijital döneme evrilmiştir. Hızla gelişen dijital görüntüleme teknolojisi ve buna bağlı gelişen dijital video ve dijital görüntü işleme teknolojileri farklı ve yeni anlam katmanları yaratmak üzere sanat alanında kullanılmaktadır. Simülasyonlarla çevrili bir yaşam alanı sunan 21. yüzyılda sanat yeniden varlığını sorgulamaktadır. İngiliz sinema yönetmeni, ressam Peter Greenaway sanatın, özellikle sinema sanatının yenilenmesi ve farklı açılımlar yapabilmesi için 8000 yıllık geçmişi olan resim sanatına yeniden bakılması gerektiğini düşünmektedir. Bu amaçla 2006 yılında, Batı Resim Sanatı’nda başyapıt olarak kabul edilen eserler üzerinde yeni bir görsel bir dil oluşturmak, farklı anlam katmanları yaratmak amacı ile “Nine Classic Paintings Revisited” projesine başlamıştır. Bu proje kapsamında yer alan başyapıtlardan biri Leonardo da Vinci’ye ait “Last Supper” freskidir. Greenaway’in bakışı ile “Last Supper” dijital video enstelasyonu makalede incelenmek üzere seçilmiştir.Digital technology and digital image applications, which were first seen in the 20th century, evolved into a post-digital turn with the 21st century. Rapidly developing digital imaging technology and its related digital video and digital image processing technologies are used in the field of art to create different and new layers of meaning. In the 21st century, which presents a living space surrounded by simulations, art is questioning its re-existence. The British cinema director, Peter Greenaway, thinks that art, especially the art of cinema, needs to be reconsidered for its 8000 year old art of painting, so that it can be renovated and made different expansions. For this purpose in 2006, he started the project "Nine Classic Paintings Revisited" with the aim of creating a new visual language on the works considered as masterpieces in Western Painting Art and creating layers of different meaning. Last Supper with a view of Greenaway is one of the project. The digital video installation artwork on the "Last Supper" fresco of Leonardo da Vinci was selected for review.Publisher's Versio

Towards humanity’s digital civilization

Technology that shapes human needs and desires has become indispensable in life by increasing functionality along with efficiency. Digital technology is changing people and society. This transformation, which is experienced in all areas of human life, also affects economic dynamics. Production and consumption models, marketing and advertising strategies are controlled by algorithms in the digital environment. The individual using the digital environment is in intense and interactive communication with the digital universe. The digital culture and digital society that have developed in the global context, depending on technology, have not yet provided a democratic and social equality. Today’s digital technologies and the digital societies that have started to emerge with it are moving forward to rapidly implement digital civilization strategies. It is possible for humankind to create an alternative system for humanity by considering common values and possible negativities, in this process of digital chaos regarding the meta verse models, which are still in the design phase. That is the digital civilization of humankind being constructed and designed. In this article, the fundamental changes and possibilities in social dynamics with digitalization are examined.Publisher's Versio

Müzeler Toplumların Görsel İletişim Merkezleridir

Işık Üniversitesi öğretim görevlileri tarafından Covid-19 Pandemisi'nin ele alındığı yazı dizisi serisinin "Müzeler Toplumların Görsel İletişim Merkezleridir" konu başlıklı yayınıdır.18 Mayıs, Dünya Müzeler Günü olarak 1977 yılından beri kutlanmaktadır. 2020 yılı teması; 'Eşitlik Müzeleri: Çeşitlilik ve Kapsayıcılık' olarak belirlenmiştir. Müzeler, insanlık tarihinin izlerinin, farklı alanlarda nadir örneklerinin sergilendiği, deneyimlendiği alanlardır ve bir bakıma uygarlığın görsel iletişim merkezleridir

Farklı substratlar, pleurotus ostreatus'un antioksidan özelliklerini ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesini etkiler mi?

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of growing substrates on the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. In the study, growing substrates were prepared with five different tree sawdust (80%) and waste (20% Tea Waste or Wheat Bran) at different ratios (80% Sawdust + 20% TW, 80% Sawdust + 20% GW). The antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts from P. ostreatus grown on 19 different substrates were tested against microorganisms by agar well diffusion technique. The total phenolic content was measured by using the Folin-Ciocalteau procedure. The antioxidant capacity was determined by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH. It was determined that the methanol extract of mushrooms obtained from the 80QS+20TW substrate was the most effective extract against all of the microorganisms investigated in this study. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found among extracts of mushrooms grown on different substrates. Total phenolic, FRAP and DPPH assay contents of methanol extracts from P. ostreatus varied between 1.016 to 4.772 mg GAE/g, 2.245 to 8.902 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/g, 4.650 to 22.922 mg/mL, respectively. The results of this study revealed that the substrate content affects the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of P. ostreatus. In addition, it was observed that tea waste has a positive effect on antimicrobial activity when added to substrate.Bu çalışmanın amacı, yetiştirme substratlarının Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.’un antioksidan özellikleri ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmada beş farklı talaş türü (%80) ve atık (%20 Çay Atığı veya Buğday Kepeği) ile farklı oranlarda (%80 Talaş + %20 Çay atığı, %80 Talaş + 20% Buğday kepeği) yetiştirme substratları hazırlanmıştır. 19 farklı substrat üzerinde büyütülen P. ostreatus'tan elde edilen metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri, agar kuyucuk difüzyon tekniği ile mikroorganizmalara karşı test edildi. Toplam fenolik içerik, Folin-Ciocalteau prosedürü kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Antioksidan kapasitesi, ferrik indirgeyici antioksidan gücü (FRAP) ve DPPH'nin serbest radikal süpürücü aktivitesi kullanılarak belirlendi. 80QS+20TW substratından elde edilen mantarların metanol ekstraktının, bu çalışmada incelenen tüm mikrooganizmalara karşı en etkili ekstrakt olduğu belirlendi. Farklı substratlar üzerinde yetiştirilen mantar ekstraktlarının antioksidan içerikleri arasında önemli farklılıklar (P<0.01) bulundu. P. ostreatus'tan elde edilen metanol ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik, FRAP ve DPPH tahlil içerikleri, sırasıyla 1.016 ile 4.772 mg GAE/g, 2.245 ile 8.902 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/g, 4.650 ile 22.922 mg/mL arasında değişmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, substrat içeriğinin, P. ostreatus'un antioksidan özelliklerini ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini etkilediğini ortaya koydu. Ayrıca çay atığı substrata eklendiğinde antimikrobiyal aktivite üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir

A logarithmic model for hormone receptor-positive and breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive importance of the previously validated log(ER)*log(PgR)/Ki-67 predictive model in a larger patient population.METHODS: Patients with hormone receptor positive/HER-2 negative and clinical node positive before chemotherapy were included. Log(ER)*log(PgR)/ Ki-67 values of the patients were determined, and the ideal cutoff value was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. It was analyzed with a logistic regression model along with other clinical and pathological characteristics.RESULTS: A total of 181 patients were included in the study. The ideal cutoff value for pathological response was 0.12 (area under the curve=0.585, p=0.032). In the univariate analysis, no statistical correlation was observed between luminal subtype (p=0.294), histological type (p=0.238), clinical t-stage (p=0.927), progesterone receptor level (p=0.261), Ki-67 cutoff value (p=0.425), and pathological complete response. There was a positive relationship between numerical increase in age and residual disease. As the grade of the patients increased, the probability of residual disease decreased. Patients with log(ER)*log(PgR)/Ki-67 above 0.12 had an approximately threefold increased risk of residual disease when compared to patients with 0.12 and below (odds ratio: 3.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.48-6.75, p=0.003). When age, grade, and logarithmic formula were assessed together, the logarithmic formula maintained its statistical significance (odds ratio: 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-5.69, p=0.034).CONCLUSION: In hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the logarithmic model has been shown in a larger patient population to be an inexpensive, easy, and rapidly applicable predictive marker that can be used to predict response

Soluble B7H3 level in breast cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological variables and T-cell infiltration

Aim of the study Although early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) is often associated with a good prognosis, there is currently no biomarker with high sensitivity serving this purpose. B7H3, a recently identified member of the B7 family, appears to inhibit antitumor immunity. We investigated the soluble B7H3 (sB7H3) level in BC and its relationship with clinicopathological variables and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs). Material and methods: The study which was designed as a cross-sectional trial between January 2020 and September 2021, included 93 BC patients, 20 patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and 14 healthy volunteers as the control group. Serum sB7H3 levels were measured using the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method and sTlLs were measured by immunohistochemistry using Tru-cut biopsy materials. Results: sB7H3 levels in BC patients were significantly higher than those in patients with BBD and healthy volunteers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results showed that sB7H3 level may be a potential biomarker for distinguishing patients with BC from those with BBD (AUC: 0.807; sensitivity: 0.786; specificity: 0.706) and from healthy volunteers (AUC: 0.731; sensitivity: 0.700; spedicity: 0.692). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the relationship between sB7H3 and disease parameters in BC. We found that sB7H3 may be a clinically practical and meaningful biomarker in differentiating BC from BBD. In order to evaluate the relationship of B7H3 with clinical variables in BC, and especially with sTILs, tissue-based studies with higher numbers of patients are needed

An Inlet Patch Case with Difficulty Swallowing

Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa (inlet patch) is a clinical entity, described firstly by Schmit as a congenital anomaly, char-acterized by settling of gastric mucosa in any part of the gastrointestinal mucosa. It causes various clinical symp-toms due to acid secretion. Our case is oberved rarelly in case of inlet patch

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake