766 research outputs found
Disposable clean delivery kits and prevention of neonatal tetanus in the presence of skilled birth attendants.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of disposable clean delivery kits (CDKs) is effective in reducing neonatal tetanus (NNT) infection, regardless of the skills of birth attendants in resource-poor settings. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted on data from a matched case-control study in Karachi, Pakistan, involving 140 NNT cases and 280 controls between 1998 and 2001. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the independent effect on NNT of CDKs and skilled birth attendants (SBAs). RESULTS: After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, both CDKs (adjusted matched odds ratio [mOR] 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.1) and SBAs (adjusted mOR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7) were independently associated with NNT. The association with CDKs remained significant when additionally adjusted for SBAs (mOR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-3.9; P=0.05). The population attributable risk for lack of CDK use was 24% in the study setting. CONCLUSION: In the context of resource-poor settings in low-income countries with poor coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization, the use of CDKs seems to be an effective strategy for reducing NNT infection, irrespective of the skill levels of birth attendants. Approximately one-quarter of NNT cases could be prevented in low-income populations with the use of CDKs
Nae too bad: a survey of job satisfaction, staff morale and qualifications in residential child care in Scotland
The report of the National Children’s Bureau study of staff morale, qualifications and retention in England (Mainey, 2003) rightly highlighted a number of crucial issues facing providers of residential child care. Entitled Better Than You Think the key finding was that the rates of morale and job satisfaction were not low despite the adverse environment in which residential care operates. Residential care in the modern world is intended to be mainly a temporary placement for some of the most demanding young people who require out-of-home care. However, as with foster care, significant numbers of young people are spending years in out-of-home care and many residential services have to accommodate a wide variety of needs within a single unit. This general remit is challenging enough but the sector also continues to struggle with the aftermath of a number of high profile public inquiries which have identified instances of abuse of children and young people in residential care (Kent, 1997; Utting, 1997; Waterhouse, 2000)
On the Large N Limit of the Itzykson-Zuber Integral
We study the large N limit of the Itzykson -- Zuber integral and show that
the leading term is given by the exponent of an action functional for the
complex inviscid Burgers (Hopf) equation evaluated on its particular classical
solution; the eigenvalue densities that enter in the IZ integral being the
imaginary parts of the boundary values of this solution. We show how this
result can be applied to ``induced QCD" with an arbitrary potential . We
find that for a nonsingular in one dimension the eigenvalue density
at the saddle point is the solution of the functional equation
, where . As an illustration we present a
number of new particular solutions of the matrix model on a discrete real
line.Comment: 19 page
Yangian-invariant field theory of matrix-vector models
We extend our study of the field-theoretic description of matrix-vector
models and the associated many-body problems of one dimensional particles with
spin. We construct their Yangian-su(R) invariant Hamiltonian. It describes an
interacting theory of a c=1 collective boson and a k=1 su(R) current algebra.
When cubic-current terms arise. Their coupling is determined by the
requirement of the Yangian symmetry. The Hamiltonian can be consistently
reduced to finite-dimensional subspaces of states, enabling an explicit
computation of the spectrum which we illustrate in the simplest case.Comment: Extensive modifications in the construction of the spinon basis and
the subsequent computations of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Title and
references modified. To appear in Nuclear Physics B. 21 pages, Late
Modified algebraic Bethe ansatz for XXZ chain on the segment - III - Proof
In this paper, we prove the off-shell equation satisfied by the transfer
matrix associated with the XXZ spin- chain on the segment with two
generic integrable boundaries acting on the Bethe vector. The essential step is
to prove that the expression of the action of a modified creation operator on
the Bethe vector has an off-shell structure which results in an inhomogeneous
term in the eigenvalues and Bethe equations of the corresponding transfer
matrix.Comment: V2 published version, 16 page
On the scattering theory of the classical hyperbolic C(n) Sutherland model
In this paper we study the scattering theory of the classical hyperbolic
Sutherland model associated with the C(n) root system. We prove that for any
values of the coupling constants the scattering map has a factorized form. As a
byproduct of our analysis, we propose a Lax matrix for the rational C(n)
Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen model with two independent coupling constants,
thereby setting the stage to establish the duality between the hyperbolic C(n)
Sutherland and the rational C(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen models.Comment: 15 page
Validitas Buku Pelajaran Biologi Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan Bagi Siswa Sma/ma
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan menghasilkan buku pelajaran biologi berbasis pendekatan kontekstual pada materi sistem pernapasan bagi siswa SMA/MA yang valid. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D, tetapi disseminate tidak dilakukan. Validitas buku pelajaran biologi berbasis kontekstual diukur melalui lembar validasi. Validasi tersebut dilakukan oleh dua pakar dan satu guru biologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa buku pelajaran yang dikembangkan sangat layak dengan rata-rata skor 3,93.
Kata Kunci: validitas, buku pelajaran, pendekatan kontekstual, sistem pernapasa
Structures in BC_N Ruijsenaars-Schneider models
We construct the classical r-matrix structure for the Lax formulation of BC_N
Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems proposed in hep-th 0006004. The r-matrix
structure takes a quadratic form similar to the A_N Ruijsenaars-Schneider
Poisson bracket behavior, although the dynamical dependence is more
complicated. Commuting Hamiltonians stemming from the BC_N
Ruijsenaars-Schneider Lax matrix are shown to be linear combinations of
particular Koornwinder-van Diejen ``external fields'' Ruijsenaars-Schneider
models, for specific values of the exponential one-body couplings. Uniqueness
of such commuting Hamiltonians is established once the first of them and the
general analytic structure are given.Comment: 18 pages, gzip latex fil
On sl(N) and sl(M|N) integrable open spin chains
We study open spin chains based on rational sl(N) and sl(M|N) R-matrices. We
classify the solutions of the reflection equations, for both the
soliton-preserving and soliton-non-preserving cases. We then write the Bethe
equations for these open spin chains.Comment: Talk given by DA at SYMPHYS11, Prague, June 200
R-matrix Quantization of the Elliptic Ruijsenaars--Schneider model
It is shown that the classical L-operator algebra of the elliptic
Ruijsenaars-Schneider model can be realized as a subalgebra of the algebra of
functions on the cotangent bundle over the centrally extended current group in
two dimensions. It is governed by two dynamical r and -matrices
satisfying a closed system of equations. The corresponding quantum R and
-matrices are found as solutions to quantum analogs of these
equations. We present the quantum L-operator algebra and show that the system
of equations on R and arises as the compatibility condition for
this algebra. It turns out that the R-matrix is twist-equivalent to the Felder
elliptic R^F-matrix with playing the role of the twist. The
simplest representation of the quantum L-operator algebra corresponding to the
elliptic Ruijsenaars-Schneider model is obtained. The connection of the quantum
L-operator algebra to the fundamental relation RLL=LLR with Belavin's elliptic
R matrix is established. As a byproduct of our construction, we find a new
N-parameter elliptic solution to the classical Yang-Baxter equation.Comment: latex, 29 pages, some misprints are corrected and the meromorphic
version of the quantum L-operator algebra is discusse
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